tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-89903627002358365082024-03-14T11:38:57.005+05:30Mad TerminalTalking About Linux and Technology The Stunnyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02660646168756320662noreply@blogger.comBlogger46125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8990362700235836508.post-5323238885928900212022-01-24T22:51:00.008+05:302022-01-24T22:54:00.504+05:30ඉගෙන ගන්න අයට FREE ENDLESS OS <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://i.ibb.co/n68bZjc/4.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="322" data-original-width="800" height="322" src="https://i.ibb.co/n68bZjc/4.png" width="800" /></a></div><p>Endless OS එක කියන්නෙ ගොඩක් Education එක පැත්තට බර OS මේකෙ ගොඩක් වැදගත් දේවල් ටිකක් තියනව අපි බලමු මොනවද මේ කියල.</p><p>1. භාවිතයට හරිම ලේසියි මොකද මොබයිල් ෆෝන් එකක වගේ interface එකක් වගේ තමයි තියෙන්නෙ හරිම සිම්පල්.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://i.ibb.co/QfRxpdm/1.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="396" data-original-width="800" height="396" src="https://i.ibb.co/QfRxpdm/1.png" width="800" /></a></div><p>2. offline (internet) නැතුව use කරන්න් පුලූවන් නමුත් ගොඩක් දේවල් එක්ක (inbuild ගොඩක් දේවල් තියනව)</p><p>3. Encyclopedia එකක් විශ්වකෝෂයක් තියනව 50,000 විතර articles තියන.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://i.ibb.co/d0tXpn0/2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="406" data-original-width="800" height="406" src="https://i.ibb.co/d0tXpn0/2.png" width="800" /></a></div><p>4. ඉගෙන ගන්න පොඩ්ඩන්ට එහෙම ගොඩක් හොදයි ඒ වගේම පාසල් වලට සහ ඉන්ටර්නෙට් නැති පැති වලට ගොඩක් ප්රයොජනවත්</p><p>5. History , Math , Sciences , Economy Humanity , biology සහ තවත් ගොඩක් විෂයන් වලට අදාල Educational courses මේකෙ තියනව.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://i.ibb.co/mzHjGg0/3.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="402" data-original-width="800" height="402" src="https://i.ibb.co/mzHjGg0/3.png" width="800" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p>6. මේක independent learning platform එකක් විදියට භාවිතා කරන්න පුලුවන්. (පොඩ්ඩන්ට තනියම ඉගෙන ගන්න)</p><p>7. Pre loaded Music, Videos, Games ගොඩක් මේකෙ තියනව.</p><p>8. මේ හැමදේම සම්පූර්ණයෙන් නොමිලේ තමයි.</p><p>අපිට මේක side by side with windows විදියට ඉන්ස්ටෝල් කරගන්න පුලුවන් ලේසියෙන්ම නැත්තම් Dual Boot Or Full install කරගන්නත් පුලුවන්. Endless OS එක versions කිහිපයකින් එනව. </p><p>ඔයාලත් මේක දාගෙන බලන්න ගෙදර පොඩි අය ඉන්නව නම් එයාලට ඉන්ස්ටෝල් කරල දෙන්න.</p><p>ඉන්ස්ටෝල් කරන විඩියෝ එකක්</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="382" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/nIHCZaRRxsE" width="610" youtube-src-id="nIHCZaRRxsE"></iframe></div><p>වෙබ් සයිට් එක <b><a href="https://endlessos.com/">https://endlessos.com/</a></b></p><p>එයාලගෙ foundation එක <b><a href="https://www.endlessos.org/">https://www.endlessos.org/</a></b></p><p>Linux Lanka facebook page එක like කරල group එකටත් join වෙන්න.</p><p><b><a href="https://www.facebook.com/LinuxLankaCommunity">https://www.facebook.com/LinuxLankaCommunity</a></b></p><p><b><a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/307118092732096">https://www.facebook.com/groups/307118092732096</a></b></p><p>ලිනක්ස් ලංකා Forum එකත් එක්ක ඉන්න ලිනක්ස් දැනුම බෙදා ගන්න.</p><p><b><a href="https://linuxlanka.com">https://linuxlanka.com</a></b></p>The Stunnyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02660646168756320662noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8990362700235836508.post-70806106206550381102022-01-23T22:19:00.000+05:302022-01-23T22:19:13.542+05:30වින්ඩෝස් Games ලින්ක්ස් වල RUN කරන්න - PROTON<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://i.ibb.co/H4qSDxb/protondb-top.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="201" data-original-width="640" height="201" src="https://i.ibb.co/H4qSDxb/protondb-top.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p>Proton කියන්නෙ Compatibility layer එකක් වින්ඩෝස් ගේම්ස් ලින්ක්ස් වල රන් කරන්න පුලුවන් . මේකට ගොඩක් අලුත් NVDIA GPU Drivers එහෙමත් Support කරනව. සමහර windows Games windows වලටත් වඩා හොදට මේකෙ වැඩ කරනව කියල තමයි කියන්නෙ මේ තියෙන්නෙ මේකෙ වෙබ් සයිට් එක </p><p>https://www.protondb.com/ </p><p>මේ වෙනකොට Games ගොඩක් ලොකු ප්රමාණයක් Proton එකට Support කරනව ඒ ගැන විස්තර protondb වෙබ් සයිට් එකෙන් බලාගන්න පුලුවන්.</p><p>STEAM එකත් එක්ක තමයි මේක වැඩ කරන්නෙ</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://i.ibb.co/TmtYd1J/z1-S3hhd-M72q-Wj-Nlq-X-m-C2-Nd-My-WBWlwr-VSVy-S8-ZMr-GG8.webp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="526" data-original-width="800" height="526" src="https://i.ibb.co/TmtYd1J/z1-S3hhd-M72q-Wj-Nlq-X-m-C2-Nd-My-WBWlwr-VSVy-S8-ZMr-GG8.webp" width="800" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>පහල තියන videos බලන්න ඒකෙන් ඔයාලට මේක Use කරන විදිය ගැන ලොකු අදහසක් ගන්න පුලුවන්.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/VjBjJguDy1A" width="481" youtube-src-id="VjBjJguDy1A"></iframe></div><p>ඉන්ස්ටෝල් කරගන්න විදිය</p><p><a href="https://ubuntu.com/blog/linux-gaming-with-ubuntu-desktop-steam-and-proton">https://ubuntu.com/blog/linux-gaming-with-ubuntu-desktop-steam-and-proton</a></p><p>Linux Lanka Facebook page එක like කරල group එකටත් join වෙන්න.</p><p>https://www.facebook.com/LinuxLankaCommunity</p><p>ලිනක්ස් ලංකා Forum එකත් එක්ක ඉන්න ලිනක්ස් දැනුම බෙදා ගන්න.</p><div><br /></div>The Stunnyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02660646168756320662noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8990362700235836508.post-55915759135743144772022-01-11T14:58:00.006+05:302022-01-11T15:05:00.010+05:30Parrot OS හැකින් සහ ක්රැකින් වලට.<p><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft Yahei", tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bolder;">Parrot OS</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #111111; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft Yahei", tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 1em;">මේ OS එක ඩෙබියන් බේස් කරගනිපු Lightweight Operating System එකක්. අපිට මේකෙ Security , Home සහ ARM කියන Edition තුනකින් download කර ගන්න පුලුවන්. මේ OS එක ගොඩක් හොද Security පැත්තෙ වැඩ වලට විශේෂයෙන්ම Penetration testing , Revers Engineering සහ Digital Forensics වගේ දේවල් වලට, තව TOR browsing , TOR File sharing වගේම Crypto wallet එකකුත් එනව මේ OS එකත් එක්ක. ලෝකෙ වටේම ඉන්න security specialists එකතු වෙලා තමයි මේ OS එකට Contribute කරන්නෙ. කාලි ලිනක්ස් වගේම OS එකක් තමයි මේකත්. වැදගත්ම දේ මේක FREE සහ OPEN SOURCE</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #111111; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft Yahei", tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 1em;">මෙන්න ලින්ක් එක :- <a href="https://www.parrotsec.org/" rel="ugc noopener nofollow" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(229, 235, 246); box-sizing: border-box; color: #4a6ea8; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 600; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank" title="https://www.parrotsec.org/">https://www.parrotsec.org/</a></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #111111; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft Yahei", tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 1em;">අපේ page එක like කරල group එකට join වෙන්න.</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #111111; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft Yahei", tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/LinuxLankaCommunity" rel="ugc noopener nofollow" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(229, 235, 246); box-sizing: border-box; color: #4a6ea8; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank" title="https://www.facebook.com/LinuxLankaCommunity">https://www.facebook.com/LinuxLankaCommunity</a></span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #111111; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft Yahei", tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://parrotsec.org/images/about/notebook.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="432" data-original-width="800" height="346" src="https://parrotsec.org/images/about/notebook.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #111111; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft Yahei", tahoma, arial; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><br /></p>The Stunnyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02660646168756320662noreply@blogger.com0Colombo, Sri Lanka6.9270786 79.861243-21.383155236178844 44.704993 35.237312436178847 115.017493tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8990362700235836508.post-74157716532223270402014-05-21T06:07:00.000+05:302022-01-06T14:49:56.433+05:30ලිනක්ස් Shell Programming පාඩම-කොටස 16<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7uRZ0TF60H8/UORcqL3osAI/AAAAAAAAACs/n6Bcu-1kWko/s1600/shellTutorial.jpe" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7uRZ0TF60H8/UORcqL3osAI/AAAAAAAAACs/n6Bcu-1kWko/s1600/shellTutorial.jpe" /></a></div>
<h1 class="western" style="page-break-before: always;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><b>while
loop</b></span></h1>
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">දැන්
අපි කතා කරන්නෙ </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">while
loop </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">ගැන
බලන්න </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">while
loop</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">එකේ
</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">syntax
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">එක
</span></span></span></span></span>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span>
<br />
<pre class="western"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><b> while
[ condition ]</b></i></span></pre>
<pre class="western"><b> <i>do</i></b></pre>
<pre class="western"> <span lang="hi-IN">මෙතන ලියන සියලු කමාන්ඩ් රන් වීම සිදුවේ</span><i>.</i></pre>
<pre class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;"> <b> <i>done</i></b></pre>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><b> </b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">while
loop </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">එකේ
තියන විශේෂත්වය තමයි ලබාදීල
තියෙන </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">condition
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">එක
</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">false
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">වෙනකන්
දීල තියෙන කමාන්ඩ් ටික රන්
කරවීම</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">.
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">බලන්න
පහල තියෙන උදාහරණය කන්ඩිශන්
එක </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>true</b><span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">නිසා
ඉවරයක් නැතුවම එකම කමාන්ඩ්
එක රන් වීම සිද්ධ වෙනව</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></span></span>
<br />
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;">##########################################
</span>
</div>
<b><span style="font-size: small;">#!/bin/sh
</span>
</b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">#
</span>
</b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">#Script
to test while statement </span>
</b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">#
</span>
</b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">#
</span>
</b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">while
[ 5 -eq 5 ] </span>
</b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">do
</span>
</b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">echo
"Welcome to while loop " </span>
</b><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>done
</b></span>
<br />
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;">##########################################</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<br />
<br /></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">හදිස්සියෙ
වත් කොයි වෙලාවක හරි </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">program
</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක
ඇතුලෙදිම </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">condition
</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">false
</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">උනොත්
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">loop </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක
රන් වෙන එක නවතිනව</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">.</span></div>
<h1 class="western">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><b>The
case Statement</b></span></h1>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"> </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-size: small;">මේක
ගැන හොදටම තේරුම් ගන්න මුලින්ම
පහල තියෙන උදාහරණෙ බලන්න</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;">##########################################
</span>
</div>
<b><span style="font-size: small;">#!/bin/sh
</span>
</b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">#
</span>
</b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">#
if no vehicle name is given </span>
</b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">#
</span>
</b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">#
if no command line arg </span>
</b><br />
<b><br /><br />
</b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">if
[ -z $1 ] </span>
</b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">then
</span>
</b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">rental="***
Unknown vehicle ***" </span>
</b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">elif
[ -n $1 ] </span>
</b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">then
</span>
</b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">#
otherwise make first arg as rental </span>
</b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">rental=$1
</span>
</b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">fi
</span>
</b><br />
<b><br /><br />
</b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">case
$rental in </span>
</b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">"car")
echo "For $rental Rs.20 per k/m";; </span>
</b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">"van")
echo "For $rental Rs.10 per k/m";; </span>
</b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">"jeep")
echo "For $rental Rs.5 per k/m";; </span>
</b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">"bicycle")
echo "For $rental 20 paisa per k/m";; </span>
</b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">*)
echo "Sorry, I can not gat a $rental for you";; </span>
</b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">esac
</span>
</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;">##########################################</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේක
රන් කරන්න ඕන </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">car
, van ,jeep ,bicycle </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">යන
ඒවයින් මොකක් හරි පැරාමීටරයක්
එක වරකට යොදා ගෙන</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">(</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">වෙන
එකක් උනත් දීල බලන්න පුලුවන්</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">)
</span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">මුලින්ම
බලන්න මේ කොටස දිහා </span></span></span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;">-Z
</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">හා
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">-n </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">ගැන
මම කලින් කියල තියෙනව </span></span></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">-Z
</span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">කියන්නෙ
</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">string1
is NULL and does exist </span>
<br />
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;">-n
</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියන්නෙ
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">string1
is NOT NULL and does exist</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<br />
<br /></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;">##############################################################</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;">if
[ -z $1 ] # $1 </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">වේරියබල්
එක හිස් නම් හා එහෙම එකක් පවතිනව
</span></span></span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;">then
# </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">නම්
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;">rental="***
Unknown vehicle ***" # rental </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියන
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">variable
</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකට
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">**
Unknown vehicle *** assign </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරන්න
</span></span></span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;">elif
[ -n $1 ] # $1 </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">වේරියබල්
එක නැත්නම් හා එහෙම එකක් පවතිනව
</span></span></span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;">then
# </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">නම්
</span></span></span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;">#
otherwise make first arg as rental </span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;">rental=$1
# rental </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියන
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">variable
</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකට
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">$1 assign
</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරන්න</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">.
</span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;">fi</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;">###########################################################</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<br />
<br /></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඊළගට
බලන්න මේ කොටස </span></span></span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<br />
<br /></div>
<b><span style="font-size: small;">case
$rental in </span>
</b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">"car")
echo "For $rental Rs.20 per k/m";; </span>
</b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">"van")
echo "For $rental Rs.10 per k/m";; </span>
</b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">"jeep")
echo "For $rental Rs.5 per k/m";; </span>
</b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">"bicycle")
echo "For $rental 20 paisa per k/m";; </span>
</b><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>*)
echo "Sorry, I can not gat a $rental for you";; </b></span>
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>esac
# </b></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">අවසානය</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">.</span><br />
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;">$rental
</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">ගේ
අගය </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">car
, van ,jeep ,bicycle </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">යන
අගයන් උනොත් අදාල පණිවිඩය
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">echo
</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">මගින්
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">print </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">වීම
සිදු වෙනව</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">.</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඒහෙම
නොවුනොත් </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">*)
</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">මගින්
තියෙන ලයින් එක </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">print
</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">වෙනව</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">.
</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">මෙන්න
මේකට තමයි මේ </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">case
statement </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියල
හදුන්වන්නෙ</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේ
තියෙන්නෙ මේකෙ </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">syntax
</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<br />
<br /></div>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><b>case
$variable-name in</b></i></span></pre>
<pre class="western"><b>
<i>pattern1) command</i></b></pre>
<pre class="western"><b>
<i>...</i></b></pre>
<pre class="western"><b>
<i>..</i></b></pre>
<pre class="western"><b>
<i>command;;</i></b></pre>
<pre class="western"><b>
<i>pattern2) command</i></b></pre>
<pre class="western"><b>
<i>...</i></b></pre>
<pre class="western"><b>
<i>..</i></b></pre>
<pre class="western"><b>
<i>command;;</i></b></pre>
<pre class="western"><b>
<i>patternN) command</i></b></pre>
<pre class="western"><b>
<i>...</i></b></pre>
<pre class="western"><b>
<i>..</i></b></pre>
<pre class="western"><b>
<i>command;;</i></b></pre>
<pre class="western"><b> <i>*)
command</i></b></pre>
<pre class="western"><b>
<i>...</i></b></pre>
<pre class="western"><b>
<i>..</i></b></pre>
<pre class="western"><b>
<i>command;;</i></b></pre>
<pre class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;"><b> <i>esac</i></b></pre>
<pre class="western" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේක සමාන කරන්න පුලුවන් හරියට </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>switch </i></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකකින් </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>light </i></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකක් දානව වගේ වැඩකට. එක් ස්විව්
එකකින් ඒකට අදාල බල්බ් එක පත්තු කරන්න පුලුවන්</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>.</i></span></span></pre>
<h1 class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0.2in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><b>de-bug
the shell script</b></i></span></span></h1>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-weight: normal;">අපි
ශෙල් </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">program
</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-weight: normal;">කරනකොට
සමහර වෙලාවට ඒවයි තියෙන වැරදි
</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">(errors
) </span></i></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-weight: normal;">හොයාගන්න
සිද්ධ වෙනව</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">.</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-weight: normal;">හොයල
ඒව නිවැරදි කරන්න සිද්ධ වෙනව
මෙන්න මේකට අපි කියනව </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">debug
</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-weight: normal;">කරනව
කියල</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">.</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-weight: normal;">අපට
මේක කරන්න පුලුවන් </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">-x
</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-weight: normal;">හා
</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">-v
</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-weight: normal;">කියන
</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">option
</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-weight: normal;">දෙක
භාවිතා කරල</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">.</span></i></span></span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.2in;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේක
භාවිතා කරන්නෙ </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>terminal
</i></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකේ
ශෙල් ස්ක්රිප්ට් එක රන්
කරනකොට</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>.</i></span></span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.2in;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Syntax
</i></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක
මෙන්න මෙහෙමයි</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>.</i></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;">
<span style="color: magenta;"> <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">sh</span></i></span><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><span style="color: #4700b8;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">option</span></span><span style="font-weight: normal;">
{ shell </span></i></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-weight: normal;">එකේ
</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">name
</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-weight: normal;">එක</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">.
}</span></i></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">අපි
මේක කරල බලමු</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>.
</i></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">අපි
මුලින්ම </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><b>errors</b>
</i></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">තියන
ශෙල් ස්ක්රිප්ට් එකක් රන්
කරල බලමු මොකද වෙන්නෙ කියල</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>.</i></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඔයාලති
මේ ශෙල් එක ලියල රන් කරල බලන්න</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>.</i></span></span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.2in;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේකෙ
වරද තියෙන්නෙ </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>tot=
`expr $1 + $2` </i></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියන
තැන කියල ඔයාලට පේනව නේද</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>?
</i></span></span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
##########################################
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>#!/bin/sh
</b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>#
</b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>#
</b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b># Script to show
debug of shell
</b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>#
</b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>tot= `expr $1 +
$2`
</b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>echo $tot</b></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
######################################</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.2in;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේක
රන් කරාම </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>terminal
</i></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකේ
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>expr:
syntax error </i></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියල
පෙන්නුව නේද</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>?
</i></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">අපි
දැන් මේකට </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>debug
options </i></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="hi-IN">හාවිතා
කරල බලමු</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>.</i></span></span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">මුලින්ම
බලමු </span></span>-x <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියන
</span></span>option <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකත්
එක්ක රන් කරල</span></span>. <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">දැන්
ස්ක්රිප්ට් එක රන් කරන්න ඕන
</span></span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
sh -x script Name
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියල දැන්
ඔයාලට පෙනේවි ටර්මිනල් එකේ
මෙන්න මේ විදියට </span></span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>+ expr +
</b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>expr: syntax error
</b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>+ tot=
</b></div>
<ul>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>echo
</b></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
</ul>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
expr: syntax error
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියල පෙන්නන්නෙ
</span></span>error <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක
තියෙන තැන</span></span>.</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඊළගට
බලමු අනිත් </span></span>option <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක
යොදාගෙන රන් කරල</span></span>.</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
##########################################
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>#!/bin/sh
</b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>#
</b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>#
</b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b># Script to show
debug of shell
</b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>#
</b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>tot= `expr $1 +
$2`
</b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>expr: syntax error
</b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>echo $tot
</b></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
##########################################
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">මෙන්න
මෙහෙම එකක් තමයි ටර්මිනල්
එකේ පෙන්නන්නෙ කලින් පෙන්නපු
විදියට වඩා මේ විදිය බලාගන්න
පහසුයි නේද</span></span>? <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ගොඩක්
</span></span>complex <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ස්ක්රිප්ට්
</span></span>debug <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරනකොට
මේකෙන් කරන එක තමයි පහසු</span></span>.
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-weight: normal;">ඔන්න
මෙතනින් </span></span></span><b>structured shell script
</b><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">පාඩම ඉවරයි
ඊළගට පටන්ගන්නෙ </span></span><b>advanced
shell scripting </b>
</div>
<br />
<pre class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;"></pre>
MadTerminalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18049086534341488288noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8990362700235836508.post-32157371561882966012014-05-15T10:15:00.004+05:302022-01-06T14:52:12.086+05:30ලිනක්ස් Shell Programming පාඩම-කොටස 15<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7uRZ0TF60H8/UORcqL3osAI/AAAAAAAAACs/n6Bcu-1kWko/s1600/shellTutorial.jpe" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7uRZ0TF60H8/UORcqL3osAI/AAAAAAAAACs/n6Bcu-1kWko/s1600/shellTutorial.jpe" /></a></div>
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">3. if...else...fi</span></b><br />
<br />
<br />
මම දැන් කියන්නෙ <b>if else</b> ගැන<br />
<br />
<b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>if condition</b><br />
<b> then</b><br />
condition එල true නම් else වලින් ඉහල<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>තියෙන සියලුම දේ රන් වෙනව.<br />
<br />
<b>else</b><br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span> condition එල false නම් fi වලින් ඉහල<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>තියෙන සියලුම දේ රන් වෙනව.<br />
<br />
<b> fi</b><br />
<br />
මෙන්න මේ කතාවට තමයි if else කතාව කියල කියන්නෙ.අපි දැන බලමු ඒ සම්බන්ධ උදාහරණයක්<br />
<br />
##########################################<br />
#!/bin/sh<br />
#<br />
#<br />
<br />
<b>if test $1 -gt 0 </b><br />
<b>then </b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>echo "$1 number is positive" </b><br />
<b>else </b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>echo "$1 number is negative" </b><br />
<b>fi </b><br />
<br />
##########################################<br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>මේ program එක ස්ක්රිප්ට් එකක ලියල run කරන්න ඕන integer පැරාමීටර් එකකුත් එක්ක ප්රොගැම් එක ලියල තියෙන්නෙ ඒ ලබාදෙන පැරාමීටර් එක Program එක ඇතුලෙදි 0 වඩා ලොකුද? කියල බලල ලොකු නම් number is positive කියලත් නැත්තම් number is negative කියලත් ප්රින්ට් වෙන්න.නිකන් බලන්න ඔය program එක පැරාමීටර් එකක් නැතුව රන් කරන්න බලන්න. එතකොට මොකද උනේ ? number is negative කියල නේද ප්රින්ට් උනේ ? එහෙම තියන එක වැරදි නිසා අපි තවටිකක් program එක දියුණු කරමු මෙන්න මේ විදියට.<br />
<br />
##########################################<br />
<b>#!/bin/sh </b><br />
<b># </b><br />
<b># </b><br />
<b>if [ $# -eq 0 ] </b><br />
<b>then </b><br />
<b>echo "$0 : You must give/supply one integers" </b><br />
<b>exit 1 </b><br />
<b>fi </b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>if test $1 -gt 0 </b><br />
<b>then </b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>echo "$1 number is positive" </b><br />
<b>else </b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>echo "$1 number is negative" </b><br />
<b>fi </b><br />
<br />
##########################################<br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>මේ programm එකේදි මුලින්ම check කරල බලනව command line එකේදි ලබාදීපු පැරාමීටර් එක මොකද්ද කියල ඒක 0 නම් You must give/supply one integers කියල ප්රින්ට් කරල program එකෙන් exit කරනව.<br />
<br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Nested if-else-fi</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b>
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>මෙතනදි කතා කරන්නෙ if else එකක් ඇතුලෙ තියෙන තවත් if else එකක් ගැන බලන්න පහල තියෙන උදාහරණෙ.<br />
<br />
##########################################<br />
<b>#!/bin/sh </b><br />
<b># </b><br />
<b># </b><br />
<b>if [ $# -eq 0 ] </b><br />
<b>then </b><br />
<b>echo "$0 : You must give/supply one integers" </b><br />
<b>exit 1 </b><br />
<b>fi </b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>if test $1 -gt 0 </b><br />
<b>then </b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>if test $1 -eq 5 </b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>then </b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>echo “ Yes its five ” </b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>else </b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>echo “ Yes its not five ” </b><br />
<b>fi </b><br />
<b>else </b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>echo "$1 number is negative" </b><br />
<b>fi </b><br />
<br />
##########################################<br />
<br />
මෙතන පළවෙනි If එක ඇතුලෙදි ආයෙමත් වාරයක් චෙක් කරනව ලබාදීපු අගය 5 ට සමානද නැද්ද කියල. මෙන්න මේ වගේ if else එකක් ඇතුලෙ තව තව if else ලියන එකට අපි කියනව Nested if-else-fi කියල. මෙන්න මේ වගේ තමයි syntax එක<br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b>if condition</b><br />
<b> then</b><br />
<b> if condition</b><br />
<b> then</b><br />
<b> .....</b><br />
<b> ..</b><br />
<b> do this</b><br />
<b> else</b><br />
<b> ....</b><br />
<b> ..</b><br />
<b> do this</b><br />
<b> fi</b><br />
<b> else</b><br />
<b> ...</b><br />
<b> .....</b><br />
<b> do this</b><br />
<b> fi</b><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Multilevel if-then-else</span></b><br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>දැන් අපි කතා කරන්න හදන්නෙ Multilevel if else ගැන.ම්ම්ම්ම්ම්...... අපි මුලින්ම කලින් කරපු if else ගැන ආයෙ පොඩ්ඩක් මතක් කරගන්න පොඩි වැඩක් කරල බලමු.<br />
<br />
අපට මෙන්න මෙහෙම ප්රොග්රැම් එකක් හදාගන්න ඕන මොකද්ද දන්නවද? ළමයෙකුගෙ ලකුණු ඇතුලත් කරහම ඒ ළමයගෙ result එක ප්රින්ට් වෙන්න ඕන A , B ,C ,S ද F ද කියල.<br />
<br />
75 -100 අතර නම් A<br />
65 -75 අතර නම් B<br />
45 -65 අතර නම් C<br />
45 ට අඩු නම් F<br />
මුලින්ම ඔයාල try කරල බලන්න මේක කරල බලන්න.<br />
##########################################<br />
<br />
<b>#!/bin/sh </b><br />
<b># </b><br />
<b># </b><br />
<b>if [ $# -eq 0 ] </b><br />
<b>then </b><br />
<b>echo "Please Enter Marks First" </b><br />
<b>exit 1 </b><br />
<b>fi </b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>if test $1 -ge 75 </b><br />
<b>then </b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>echo "A" </b><br />
<b>fi </b><br />
<b>if test $1 -ge 65 </b><br />
<b>then </b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>echo "B" </b><br />
<b>fi </b><br />
<b>if test $1 -ge 45 </b><br />
<b>then </b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>echo "C" </b><br />
<b>else </b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>echo "F" </b><br />
<b>fi </b><br />
<br />
<br />
##########################################<br />
<br />
මෙක තමයි ඒ program එක ලියන වැරදි විදිය බලන්න වරදින තැන. ලකුණු 85 විතර ලබා දුන්නොත් A , B , C කියන තුනම ලැබෙනව එල නෙ ! අපේ විභාග දෙපාර්තමේන්තුව වගේ එහෙම වෙන්න බෑ අපට මෙන්න මේ program එක ලියන්න multilevel ඉෆ් එල්ස් යොදාගන්න පුලුවන් මෙන්න මේ වගේ<br />
<br />
##########################################<br />
<b>#!/bin/sh </b><br />
<b># </b><br />
<b># </b><br />
<b>if [ $# -eq 0 ] </b><br />
<b>then </b><br />
<b>echo "Please Enter Marks First" </b><br />
<b>exit 1 </b><br />
<b>fi </b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>if [ $1 -ge 75 ] </b><br />
<b>then </b><br />
<b> echo "A" </b><br />
<b>elif [ $1 -ge 65 ] </b><br />
<b>then </b><br />
<b> echo "B" </b><br />
<b>elif [ $1 -ge 45 ] </b><br />
<b>then </b><br />
<b> echo "C" </b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>else </b><br />
<b> echo "F" </b><br />
<b>fi </b><br />
<br />
##########################################<br />
<br />
if else කියන එක කෙටි කරල ලියල තියෙන්නෙ elif කියල.[] වරහන් යොදන ආකාරයත් හොදට බලන්න ඒක ගොඩක් වැදගත්<br />
<br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Loops in Shell Scripts</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b>
ලූප් මගින් අපට පුලුවන් මොකක් හරි එකම කමාන්ඩ් එකක් නැවත නැවත රන් කරන්න.සරලව කිව්වොත් එකම දේ ආයෙ ආයෙ කරන්න. Bash ශෙල් වලදි අපි loop වර්ග දෙකක් ගැන කතා කරනව. ඒව තමයි<br />
<br />
<b>1. for loop</b><br />
<b>2. while loop </b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>For Loop </b><br />
<br />
හිතන්න මෙහෙම අපට ඕන ටර්මිනල් එකේ welcome කියල 15 වාරයක් ප්රින්ට් කරන්න. මෙන්න මේ විදියට ඒක කරන්න පුලුවන්. <br />
<br />
##########################################<br />
<b>#!/bin/sh </b><br />
<b># </b><br />
<b># </b><br />
<b>echo "Welcome " </b><br />
<b>echo "Welcome " </b><br />
<b>echo "Welcome " </b><br />
<b>echo "Welcome " </b><br />
<b>echo "Welcome " </b><br />
<b>echo "Welcome " </b><br />
<b>echo "Welcome " </b><br />
<b>echo "Welcome " </b><br />
<b>echo "Welcome " </b><br />
<b>echo "Welcome " </b><br />
<b>echo "Welcome " </b><br />
<b>echo "Welcome " </b><br />
<b>echo "Welcome " </b><br />
<b>echo "Welcome " </b><br />
<b>echo "Welcome " </b><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
##########################################<br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>වැඩේ කැතයි නේද? 100 විතර ප්රින්ට් කරගන්න උනොත් මොනව වේද? දැන් අපි ඒක for loop එකක් මගින් කරල බලමු.<br />
<br />
##########################################<br />
<b>#!/bin/sh </b><br />
<b># </b><br />
<b># </b><br />
<b>for my in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15</b><br />
<b>do </b><br />
<b>echo "Welcome " </b><br />
<b>done </b><br />
##########################################<br />
<br />
ඔන්න ඔච්චරයි ලියන්න තියෙන්නෙ. මෙතන my කියල තියෙන්නෙ වේරියබල් නේම් එකක් ඒකට කැමති නමක් දෙන්න පුලුවන්. In 1 2 3 .. කියල තියෙන්නෙ repeat වෙන්න ඕන වාර ගණන.do හා done කියන එක අතර ලියන්න ඕන අපට repeat කරගන්න ඕන කමාන්ඩ් ටික.<br />
<br />
දැන් මෙන්න මේ program එක බලන්න අපට මේකෙන් ගන්න පුලුවන් ඕනම එකක ගුණිතය සරලව කිව්වොත් චක්කරේ. <br />
###########################################################<br />
<b>#!/bin/sh </b><br />
<b># </b><br />
<b># </b><br />
<b>if [ $# -eq 0 ] </b><br />
<b>then </b><br />
<b>echo "Please Enter Number First" </b><br />
<b>exit 1 </b><br />
<b>fi </b><br />
<b>n=$1 </b><br />
<b>for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 </b><br />
<b>do </b><br />
<b>echo "$n * $i = `expr $i \* $n`" </b><br />
<b>done</b><br />
###########################################################<br />
for loop එකේ syntax එක මෙන්න මෙහෙමයි<br />
<br />
for { variable name } in { list }<br />
do<br />
මෙහි ලියන සියලු කමාන්ඩ් execute වේ.<br />
done<br />
බලන්න පහල තියෙන syntax එක දිහා<br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>for (( expr1; expr2; expr3 ))<br />
do<br />
මෙහි ලියන සියලු කමාන්ඩ් execute වේ.<br />
Done<br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>මේ තියන විදිය තමයි ගොඩක් දුරට for loop ලියන්න use කරන්නෙ.<br />
<br />
##########################################<br />
<b>#!/bin/sh </b><br />
<b># </b><br />
<b># </b><br />
<b>for (( i = 0 ; i <= 5; i++ )) </b><br />
<b>do </b><br />
<b> echo "Welcome $i times" </b><br />
<b>done </b><br />
<br />
##########################################<br />
<br />
(( )) ඇතුලෙ කොටස් තුනකින් සමන්විත වෙනව i=0 කියන්නෙ I කියන වේරියබල් එක initialization කරන අවස්ථාව I <=5 කියල කියන්නෙ repeat වෙන්න ඕන අවශය වාර ගණන. I++ කියන එකෙන් වෙන්නෙ I ගෙ අගය එකකින් වැඩි කරන එක( i=i+1 කියන එකම තමයි)<br />
දැන් බලන්න මේකත්<br />
<br />
##########################################<br />
<b>#!/bin/sh </b><br />
<b># </b><br />
<b># </b><br />
<b>for (( i = 0 ; i <= 5; i++ )) </b><br />
<b>do </b><br />
<b> j=i+1 </b><br />
<b> echo “ Hi $i” </b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>done </b><br />
<br />
<br />
##########################################<br />
<br />
<br />
Nesting of for Loop<br />
මේකට් nesting if else වගේම තමයි loop එකක් ඇතුලෙ තව loop එකක් දාල රන් කරවන එක තමයි මෙතනදි සිද්ධ වෙන්නෙ.<br />
##########################################<br />
<b>#!/bin/sh </b><br />
<b># </b><br />
<b># </b><br />
<b>for (( i = 0 ; i <= 5; i++ )) </b><br />
<b>do </b><br />
<b> <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>for (( j= 0 ; j <= 5; j++ )) </b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>do </b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>echo “Welcome $i welcome $j” </b><br />
<b> </b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>done </b><br />
<b>done </b><br />
<br />
<br />
##########################################<br />
<br />
මේක කරල බැලුවද ? Inner loop එක ඇතුලෙ තියෙන කමාන්ඩ් එක 25 වතාවක් රන් වෙනව කියල පේනව නේද ?<br />
අපි දැන් මෙන්න මේ වගේ එකක් ප්රින්ට් කරගන්න try එකක් දීල බලමු.<br />
*<br />
**<br />
***<br />
****<br />
*****<br />
<br />
මෙන්න මේකට ලියන්න ඕන program එක මෙහෙමයි<br />
##########################################<br />
<b>#!/bin/sh </b><br />
<b># </b><br />
<b># </b><br />
<b>for (( i = 1 ; i < 6; i++ )) </b><br />
<b>do </b><br />
<b> <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>for (( j= 0 ; j <i; j++ )) </b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>do </b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>echo -n "*" </b><br />
<b> <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span> </b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>done </b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>echo "" </b><br />
<b>done </b><br />
<br />
<br />
#############################################<br />
පළවෙනි loop එක එක පාරක් රන් වෙද්දි අනිත් ඇතුලෙ තියෙන loop එක රන් වෙන වාර ගණන එකින් එක වැඩි වෙන එක සිද්ධ වීමෙනුයි * රටාවකට print වීම සිද්ධ වුණේ echo "" මගින් කරේ * ගණන ප්රින්ට් කරල නිව් ලයින් එකකට කර්සර් එක යවපු එක.<br />
<br />
දැන් ඔයාල මේ පහල තියෙන චෙස් බොර්ඩ් එකක් විදියට output එක ලැබෙන program එක study කරල බලන්න.<br />
<br />
##########################################<br />
<b>#!/bin/sh </b><br />
<b># </b><br />
<b># </b><br />
<b>for (( i = 1; i <= 9; i++ )) ### Outer for loop ### </b><br />
<b>do </b><br />
<b> for (( j = 1 ; j <= 9; j++ )) ### Inner for loop ### </b><br />
<b> do </b><br />
<b> tot=`expr $i + $j` </b><br />
<b> tmp=`expr $tot % 2` </b><br />
<b> if [ $tmp -eq 0 ]; then </b><br />
<b> echo -e -n "\033[47m " </b><br />
<b> else </b><br />
<b> echo -e -n "\033[40m " </b><br />
<b> fi </b><br />
<b> done </b><br />
<b> echo -e -n "\033[40m" #### set back background colour to black </b><br />
<b> echo "" #### print the new line ### </b><br />
<b>done </b><br />
<br />
##########################################<br />
<br />MadTerminalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18049086534341488288noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8990362700235836508.post-55502889264443362372014-05-14T17:47:00.000+05:302022-01-06T14:55:08.272+05:30ලිනක්ස් Shell Programming පාඩම-කොටස 14<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7uRZ0TF60H8/UORcqL3osAI/AAAAAAAAACs/n6Bcu-1kWko/s1600/shellTutorial.jpe" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7uRZ0TF60H8/UORcqL3osAI/AAAAAAAAACs/n6Bcu-1kWko/s1600/shellTutorial.jpe" /></a></div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේ
පාඩමේ ඉදන් අපි කතා කරන්නෙ
වයුහාත්මක </span></span>shell <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ප්රොග්රැමින්
ගැන</span></span>.</span></b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<ol>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>structured <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ශෙල්
ගැන</span></span>......</b></div>
</li>
</ol>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඇත්තටමෙ
මේකෙදි කතා කරන්න තියෙන්නෙ
තර්ක හා තීරණ ආශිත දේවල්</span>.
<span lang="hi-IN">තීරණ හා තර්ක
අපට අලුත් දේවල් නෙවෙයි නෙ</span>.
<span lang="hi-IN">අපි නිතරම
තීරණ ගන්නව තර්ක කරනව ඉතින්
ඒ ගැන ආයෙ අමුතුවෙක් කතා කරන්න
ඕන නෑ කියලයි මම හිතන්නෙ</span>.
<span lang="hi-IN">අපි ගන්න
තීරණ හා තර්ක තරම් සංකීර්ණ
නෑ කම්පියුටර් එකට තේරෙන තර්ක
හා තීරණ</span>. <span lang="hi-IN">කම්පියුටර්
වලට තේරෙන්නෙ </span>1 <span lang="hi-IN">හා
</span>0 <span lang="hi-IN">කියන
අවස්ථා දෙක විතරක් නිසයි එයාට
අපි හිතන තරම් ලොකු දේවල්
තේරෙන්නෙ නැත්තෙ</span>.<br /><span lang="hi-IN">දැන්
ඉතින් මේ කතාව පැහැදිලි කරගන්න
මේ වැඩේ කරන්න</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="hi-IN"><br /></span><span lang="hi-IN">ටර්මිනල්
එක ඔපන් කරල </span>bc <span lang="hi-IN">කියල
ටයිප් කරල එන්ටර් කරන්න</span>.
bc <span lang="hi-IN">කියල කියන්නෙ
ලිනක්ස් වල තියෙන කැල්කියුලේටර්
වැඩසටහනක්</span>.<span lang="hi-IN">මේකට
ලස්සන ඉන්ටෆේස් එකක් නම් නැහැ
ටර්මිනල් එක මත තමයි ඩිස්පෙලේ
වෙන්නෙ</span>.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-czpo1EnIbjg/U3NeEQtDmWI/AAAAAAAAAEg/l6KUobCiwgs/s1600/Screenshot+from+2014-05-14+17:38:00.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-czpo1EnIbjg/U3NeEQtDmWI/AAAAAAAAAEg/l6KUobCiwgs/s1600/Screenshot+from+2014-05-14+17:38:00.png" height="398" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
bc <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියල
එන්ටර් කරහම කර්සර් එක බිලින්ක්
වෙවී තියෙනව</span></span>. <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">දැන්
ඔයාල මේව එකින් එක ටයිප් කරල
එන්ටර් කරල බලන්නෙකො</span></span>.</div>
<ol>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
14+6</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
12-1</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
7*8</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
14/2</div>
</li>
</ol>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">උත්තර
අවෙ මේව නේ </span></span>
</div>
<ol>
<ol>
<ol>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
20</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
11</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
56</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
7</div>
</li>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඊළඟට
මේක කරල බලන්න </span></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<ol>
<ol>
<ol>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
14>3</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
5<2
</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
5<=8</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
7<=4</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
3!=2</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
5=5</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
3!=3</div>
</li>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
! <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">සලකුණෙන්
අදහස් කරන්නෙ </span></span>NOT <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියන
එක</span></span>.(<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">නෑ
කියන එක</span></span>) != <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">මගින්
අදහස් කරන්නෙ සමාන නෑ කියන
එක </span></span>(not equal)</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">පිළිතුරු
වුනේ මේව නේද </span></span>?</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<ol>
<ol>
<ol>
<ol>
<ol>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
1</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
0</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
1</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
0</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
1</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
1</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
0</div>
</li>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේව
වල පිළිතුරු </span></span>1 <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">හා
</span></span>0 <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">උනේ
ඇයි කියල දන්නවද </span></span>? <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඒ
ඒ අවසථා වල අපි කරපු දේවල්
ඇත්ත නම් ප්රතිඑලය </span></span>1
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">උනා එහෙම
නැත්තම් </span></span>0 <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">උනා</span></span>.
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ආයෙ බලමු ඒ
උදාහරණ ටික</span></span>.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<ol>
<ol>
<ol start="7">
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
1. 14>3 -: 3 <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">වඩා
</span></span>14 <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ලොකු
නිසා මේක ඇත්ත</span></span>. true
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
2. 5<2 -: <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේක
පට්ට බොරුවක් නිසා </span></span>false
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
3. 5<=8 -: <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">සමාන
නොවුනත් විශාල නිසා මේක </span></span>true</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
4. 7<=4 -: <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේකත්
බොරු </span></span>false</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
5. 3!=2 -: <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">තුන
දෙකට සමාන නැති නිසා මේක </span></span>true
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
6. 5=5 -: <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">පහ
පහට සමාන නිසා මේක </span></span>true</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
7. 3!=3 -: <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේක
බොරු කියල පෙනව බැලුව ගමන්
</span></span>false</div>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ලිනක්ස්
ශෙල් වලදි මේ ඇත්ත බොරු</span></span>(true
, false) <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කතාව
පෙඩ්ඩක් වෙනස් වෙනව</span></span>.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ශෙල්
වලදි </span></span>true false <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියන
දෙක ඉදිරිපත් කරන්නෙ මෙහෙමයි
</span></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
1<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඒ
කිව්වෙ </span></span>true <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියන
එක </span></span>0 <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">මගින්
පෙන්නනව</span></span>.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
0 <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඒ
එහෙමත් නැත්තම් </span></span>false <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියන
එක </span></span>0 <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">නොවන
අගයක් මගින් පෙන්නනව</span></span>.<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">තවදුරටත්
පැහැදිලි කර ගන්න පහල තියෙන
වගුව බලන්න</span></span>.<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේක
නිසැකවම මතක තියාගන්න නැත්තම්
ඔක්කොම පැටලෙනව</span></span>.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%px;">
<colgroup><col width="85*"></col>
<col width="85*"></col>
<col width="85*"></col>
</colgroup><tbody>
<tr valign="top">
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid #000000; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0.04in;" width="33%"><div align="center" style="background: #0099ff;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="hi-IN">කලින්
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">bc
</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="hi-IN">වලින්
පෙන්නපු අගය</span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid #000000; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0.04in;" width="33%"><div align="center" style="background: #0099ff;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="hi-IN">අගය</span></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 0.04in;" width="33%"><div align="center" style="background: #0099ff;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="hi-IN">ශෙල්
වල පෙන්නන ආකාරය</span></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="33%"><div align="center" style="background: #e6e6e6;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="33%"><div align="center" style="background: #e6e6e6;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">true</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0.04in; padding-top: 0in;" width="33%"><div align="center" style="background: #e6e6e6;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">0</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="33%"><div align="center" style="background: #e6e6e6;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">0</span></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="33%"><div align="center" style="background: #e6e6e6;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">false
</span>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0.04in; padding-top: 0in;" width="33%"><div align="center" style="background: #e6e6e6;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="hi-IN">බිංදුව
නොවන ඕනෑම අගයක් </span></span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">(-9
,8 ,32)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Test command or expression</b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
command <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකක්
හරි </span></span>expression <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකක්
හරි ටෙස්ට් කරල බලන්න පුලුවන්
විදියක් තියෙනව දැන් අපි
පොඩ්ඩක් ඒ ගැන බලමු</span></span>.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">මුලින්ම
බලන්න පහල තියෙන උදාහරණෙ දිහා
</span></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
##############################################################</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<code class="western">$ gedit >
ispostive<br />#!/bin/sh<br />#<br /># Script to see whether argument is
positive<br />#<br />if test $1 -gt 0<br />then<br />echo "$1 number is
positive"<br />fi</code></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
##############################################################</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">මෙක
ලියල </span></span>mod <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරල
රන් කරන්න ඔන කමාන්ඩ් ලයින්
ආර්ගියුමන්ට් එකකුත් එක්ක</span></span>.
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඒ ලබාදෙන
ආර්ගියුමන්ට් එක පොසිටිව්
නම් </span></span><code class="western">number is positive </code><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN"><code class="ctl">කියල
ප්රින්ට් වෙනව</code></span></span><code class="western">.</code><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN"><code class="ctl">ඒ
වැඩේ සිද්ධ වෙන්නෙ මෙන්න මේ
ලයින් ටිකෙන්</code></span></span><code class="western">.</code></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<code class="western">if test $1 -gt
0<br />then<br />echo "$1 number is positive"</code></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<code class="western">test $1 -gt 0
</code><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN"><code class="ctl">කියන
එකේ තේරුම </code></span></span><code class="western">$1
</code><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN"><code class="ctl">වේරියබල්
එකේ තියන අගය </code></span></span><code class="western">0
</code><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN"><code class="ctl">වඩා
විශාල නම් </code></span></span><code class="western">number
is positive </code><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN"><code class="ctl">කියන
එක ප්රින්ට් කරන්න කියල</code></span></span><code class="western">.
(-gt </code><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN"><code class="ctl">කියල
කිව්වෙ </code></span></span><code class="western">is
greater than </code><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN"><code class="ctl">කිය්න
එක</code></span></span><code class="western">. </code><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN"><code class="ctl">පහල
දක්වල තියනව තව ඒවගේ ඒව ගැන</code></span></span><code class="western">)</code></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
test <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියන
කමාන්ඩ් එකෙන් නිතරම </span></span>0
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">හෝ වෙනයම්
අගයක් </span></span>return <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරනව
අදාල කමාන්ඩ් එකට හෝ </span></span>expression
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකට අදාල</span></span>.
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">අපට මේක </span></span>use
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරන්න පුලුවන්
</span></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
1.Integer ( Number without decimal
point)<br />
2.File types<br />
3.Character strings</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියන
ඒවත් එක්ක</span></span>.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">පහල
තියෙන </span></span>table <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක
බැලුවහම මේ ගැන හොදටම තේරුම
ගන්න පුලුවන්</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center">
<b>For Mathematics, use following operator in Shell
Script</b></div>
<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="3" style="width: 100%px;">
<colgroup><col width="57*"></col>
<col width="37*"></col>
<col width="62*"></col>
<col width="47*"></col>
<col width="53*"></col>
</colgroup><tbody>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#808080" style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: 2.60pt double #808080; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0.02in;" width="22%"><div align="center">
<b>Mathematical Operator in Shell Script </b></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080" style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: 2.60pt double #808080; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0.02in;" width="14%"><div align="center">
<b>Meaning</b></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080" style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: 2.60pt double #808080; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0.02in;" width="24%"><div align="center">
<b>Normal Arithmetical/ Mathematical Statements</b></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#808080" colspan="2" style="border: 2.60pt double #808080; padding: 0.02in;" width="39%"><div align="center">
<b>But in Shell</b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="22%"><br /></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="14%"><br /></td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="24%"><br /></td>
<td bgcolor="#c0c0c0" style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="18%"><div align="center">
<b>For test statement with if command</b></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#c0c0c0" style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: 2.60pt double #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0.02in; padding-top: 0in;" width="21%"><div align="center">
<b>For [ expr ] statement with if command</b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="22%">-eq</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="14%">is equal to</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="24%">5 == 6</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="18%">if test 5 -eq 6</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: 2.60pt double #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0.02in; padding-top: 0in;" width="21%">if [ 5 -eq 6 ]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="22%">-ne</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="14%">is not equal to</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="24%">5 != 6</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="18%">if test 5 -ne 6</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: 2.60pt double #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0.02in; padding-top: 0in;" width="21%">if [ 5 -ne 6 ]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="22%">-lt</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="14%">is less than</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="24%">5 < 6</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="18%">if test 5 -lt 6</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: 2.60pt double #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0.02in; padding-top: 0in;" width="21%">if [ 5 -lt 6 ]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="22%">-le</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="14%">is less than or equal to</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="24%">5 <= 6</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="18%">if test 5 -le 6</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: 2.60pt double #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0.02in; padding-top: 0in;" width="21%">if [ 5 -le 6 ]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="22%">-gt</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="14%">is greater than</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="24%">5 > 6</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="18%">if test 5 -gt 6</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: 2.60pt double #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0.02in; padding-top: 0in;" width="21%">if [ 5 -gt 6 ]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="22%">-ge</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="14%">is greater than or equal to</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="24%">5 >= 6</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="18%">if test 5 -ge 6</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: 2.60pt double #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0.02in; padding-top: 0in;" width="21%">if [ 5 -ge 6 ]</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center">
<b>For string Comparisons use</b></div>
<center>
<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="3" style="width: 73%px;">
<colgroup><col width="61*"></col>
<col width="195*"></col>
</colgroup><tbody>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#c0c0c0" style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: 2.60pt double #808080; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0.02in;" width="24%"><div align="center">
<b>Operator</b></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#c0c0c0" style="border: 2.60pt double #808080; padding: 0.02in;" width="76%"><div align="center">
<b>Meaning</b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="24%">string1 = string2</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: 2.60pt double #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0.02in; padding-top: 0in;" width="76%">string1 is equal to string2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="24%">string1 != string2</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: 2.60pt double #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0.02in; padding-top: 0in;" width="76%">string1 is NOT equal to string2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="24%">string1</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: 2.60pt double #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0.02in; padding-top: 0in;" width="76%">string1 is NOT NULL or not defined</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="24%">-n string1</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: 2.60pt double #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0.02in; padding-top: 0in;" width="76%">string1 is NOT NULL and does exist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="24%">-z string1</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: 2.60pt double #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0.02in; padding-top: 0in;" width="76%">string1 is NULL and does exist</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</center>
<div align="center">
<b>Shell also test for file and directory types</b></div>
<center>
<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="3" style="width: 63%px;">
<colgroup><col width="49*"></col>
<col width="207*"></col>
</colgroup><tbody>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#c0c0c0" style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: 2.60pt double #808080; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0.02in;" width="19%"><div align="center">
<b>Test</b></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#c0c0c0" style="border: 2.60pt double #808080; padding: 0.02in;" width="81%"><div align="center">
<b>Meaning</b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="19%">-s file </td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: 2.60pt double #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0.02in; padding-top: 0in;" width="81%">Non empty file</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="19%">-f file </td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: 2.60pt double #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0.02in; padding-top: 0in;" width="81%">Is File exist or normal file and not a directory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="19%">-d dir </td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: 2.60pt double #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0.02in; padding-top: 0in;" width="81%">Is Directory exist and not a file</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="19%">-w file </td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: 2.60pt double #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0.02in; padding-top: 0in;" width="81%">Is writeable file</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="19%">-r file </td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: 2.60pt double #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0.02in; padding-top: 0in;" width="81%">Is read-only file</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="19%">-x file </td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: 2.60pt double #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0.02in; padding-top: 0in;" width="81%">Is file is executable</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</center>
<div align="center">
<b>Logical Operators</b></div>
<br />
<br />
Logical operators are used to combine two or more condition at a
time<br />
<center>
<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="3" style="width: 72%px;">
<colgroup><col width="128*"></col>
<col width="128*"></col>
</colgroup><tbody>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#c0c0c0" style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: 2.60pt double #808080; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0.02in;" width="50%"><div align="center">
<b>Operator </b></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#c0c0c0" style="border: 2.60pt double #808080; padding: 0.02in;" width="50%"><div align="center">
<b>Meaning </b>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="50%">! expression</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: 2.60pt double #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0.02in; padding-top: 0in;" width="50%">Logical NOT</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="50%">expression1 -a expression2</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: 2.60pt double #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0.02in; padding-top: 0in;" width="50%">Logical AND</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="50%">expression1 -o expression2</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 2.60pt double #808080; border-left: 2.60pt double #808080; border-right: 2.60pt double #808080; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.02in; padding-left: 0.02in; padding-right: 0.02in; padding-top: 0in;" width="50%">Logical OR</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</center>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<ol start="2">
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>if <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කොන්දේසිය
</span></span>(if Condition )</b></div>
</li>
</ol>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">අපිට
මේ </span></span>if <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියන
</span></span>condition <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක
මගින් පුලුවන් අවස්ථා නිර්මාණය
කරන්න</span></span>.<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">අවස්ථා
කිව්වෙ තර්ක කරනව වගේ වැඩ</span></span>.<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">බලන්න
පහල තියෙන අවස්තා</span></span>.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
1. “<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">උබ
මට ගැහුවෙත් මමත් ගහනව ”</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
2. “<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">පහ
විශාල නම් තුනට වඩා </span></span>big
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියල ප්රින්ට්
කරන්න ”</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">මෙතනදි
ගහන්නෙ ගැහුවොත් විතරයි</span></span>.
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එහෙම නැතුව
ගහන්න යන්නෙ නෑ</span></span>. <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේ
වගේ දෙයක් තමයි </span></span>if <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">මගින්
නිරූපනය කරන්න පුලුවන් තව
ඉස්සරහ උදාහරණ වලදි මේක හොදට
තේරුම් ගන්න පුලුවන් වෙයි</span></span>.
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">දෙවනියට දීල
තියෙන උදාහරනෙ කරල බලමු දැන්</span></span>.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
#############################################################################</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<code class="western">$ gedit >
my<br /> #!/bin/sh<br /> #<br /> #Script to print big<br /> #<br /> if 5 >
3<br /> then<br /> echo “Big”<br /> fi</code></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<code class="western">#################################################################</code></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
MadTerminalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18049086534341488288noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8990362700235836508.post-30864757494344680142014-02-19T06:33:00.002+05:302022-01-06T14:55:13.285+05:30ලිනක්ස් Shell Programming පාඩම-කොටස 13<ol start="25">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Iz_VGqpaBuU/To0DRaWTaeI/AAAAAAAAAJs/vO9O76NcBZg/s1600/shellTutorial.jpe" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Iz_VGqpaBuU/To0DRaWTaeI/AAAAAAAAAJs/vO9O76NcBZg/s1600/shellTutorial.jpe" /></a></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">26.Filter <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">පෙරන
වැඩ</span></span>.</span></b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<ol>
<ol>
<ol>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">සාමාන්යයෙන්
පෙරන්නෙ මොකටද කියල දන්නවනෙ
</span></span><b>? </b><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">අවශ්ය
දේවල් විතරක් ගන්න ඕන උනාමනෙ
අපි පෙරීමක් සිදු කරන්නෙ
මේකත් ඒ වගේ දෙයක් තමයි</span></span><b>.</b><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේ
ගැන වෙනම පාඩමකින් කියලදෙන්නම්</span></span><b>.</b></span></div>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">27.Processes <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකක්
කියන්නෙ මොකද්ද </span></span>?</span></b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඇත්තටම
</span></span>Processes <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකක්
කියල කියන්නෙ යම් කිසි කියාවලියකට</span></span>.
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">අපිට </span></span>ls
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියන කමාන්ඩ්
එක </span></span>use <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරල
ඩිරෙක්ටරි එකක තියෙන දේවල්
බලා ගන්න පුලුවන්</span></span>. ls
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කමාන්ඩ් එක
මගින් ඉල්ලා සිටිනව කම්පියුටර්
එකෙන් </span></span>files <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">හා
</span></span>folders <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">පෙන්නා
දෙන්න කියල </span></span>. <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">සරලවම
මේකත් </span></span>process <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකක්
කියල කියන්න පුලුවන්</span></span>.
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේ නිසා
</span></span>Processes <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකක්
</span></span>program <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකක්
විදියට හදුන්වන්න පුලුවන්
</span></span>(user <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">දීපු
කමාන්ඩ් එකක් </span></span>). <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">අපි
කමාන්ඩ් එකක් මගින් බලාපොරොත්තු
වෙන්නෙ මොකක් හරි විශේෂිත
වැඩක් කරගන්නනෙ කමාන්ඩ් එක
රන් කරාම ඒකට අදාල </span></span>process
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක සිද්ධ
වෙලා අපට ඕන උන දේ සිද්ධ
වෙනව</span></span>.<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ලිනක්ස්
වලදි මොනව හරි </span></span>process <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකක්
සිද්ධ වෙනකොට ඒ </span></span>process <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකට
නම්බර් එකක් දෙන සිරිතක්
තියෙනව</span></span>. <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේ
නම්බර් එක </span></span><i>process-id </i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක
එහෙම නැත්තම් </span></span><i>PID </i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියල
කියල හදුන්වනව</span></span><i>. 0 </i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඉඳල
</span></span><i>65535 </i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">අතරෙ
ඉලක්කමක් තමයි </span></span><i>PID </i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක
සඳහා ලබා දෙන්නෙ</span></span><i>. </i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක
කමාන්ඩ් එකකට ලබාදෙන </span></span><i>pid
</i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">අගය එක එක
වෙලාවල් වලට වෙනස් වෙනව</span></span><i>.</i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඉස්සරහට
තවත් මේ ගැන කතා කරනව</span></span><i>.</i></span></div>
<ol start="28">
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><i>Processes </i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියන
ඒව අවශ්ය වෙන්නෙ ඇයි</span></span><i>.</i></span></b></div>
</li>
</ol>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><i> </i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">දන්නවනෙ
ලිනක්ස් කියන්නෙ </span></span><i>multi-user,
multitasking Os </i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකක්
කියල</span></span><i>.</i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඒ
කිව්වෙ එක පාරකට </span></span><i>users </i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ල
ගොඩ දෙනෙකුට </span></span><i>use </i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරන්නයි</span></span><i>.</i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">වැඩ
ගොඩක් එක පාරකට කරන්නයි පුලුවන්
කියන එක</span></span><i>. </i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">වැඩ
ගොඩක් එක පාරට කරනව කිව්වෙ
මෙන්න මෙහෙම දෙයක්</span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></i></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><i> </i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">අපි
හිතමු අපට ඔන අපේ කම්පුටර්
එකේ තියන </span></span><i>files </i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඔක්කෝගේම
එකතුවක් ගන්න</span></span><i>. </i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">මෙන්න
මේ කමාන්ඩ් එකෙන් පුලුවන් ඒ
වැඩේ කරන්න</span></span><i>.</i></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><i> </i><i><b>ls / -R | wc -l</b></i></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඉතින්
ගිගාබයිට් දෙසීය තුන්සීය
තියෙන අපේ </span></span><i>hard disk </i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">වල
</span></span><i>files </i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">වල
</span></span><i>count </i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකක්
ගන්න ගොඩක් වෙලාවක් බලන් ඉන්න
ඔනනෙ</span></span><i>.</i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේක
ඉවරවෙන කම් කම්පියුටර් එක්
දිහා බලන් ඉන්නෙ නැතුව තව
කමාන්ඩ් එකක් රන් කරව ගන්න
අපට පුලුවන් මේකට තමයි මේ
</span></span><i>multitasking </i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියල
කියන්නෙ යම් කිසි වැඩ එකකට
වැඩි ප්රමාණයක් එක වර සිදු
කර ගන්න පුලුවන්</span></span><i>. </i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">සින්දුවක්
අහන ගමන් ලියුමක් ලියනව වගේ
වැඩත් මේ වගේ</span></span><i>.</i></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></i></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><i> </i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කලින්
ලියපු කමාන්ඩ් එක රන් වෙන අතර
තුර වෙන කමාන්ඩ් එකක් වෙනමම
රන් කරන්න පුලුවන් නැත්තම්
කලින් කමාන්ඩ් එකේ අගට ම </span></span><i>&
</i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">සලකුණ යොදල
තව කමාන්ඩ් එකක් ලබාදෙන්න
පුලුවන් එක පාරට දෙකම රන්
වෙන්න කියල </span></span>
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></i></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><i> </i><i><b>ls / -R | wc -l &
</b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කමාන්ඩ්
</span></span><i><b>2</b></i></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><i><b> </b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">අපි
කලින් කතා කරා නෙ රන් වෙන
කමාන්ඩ් එකකට </span></span><i><b>process </b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකක්
කියල හදුන්වනව කියල ඒ වගේම
</span></span><i><b>PID </b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ගැනත්
කතා කරානෙ මතක තියා ගන්න මේ
</span></span><i><b>PID </b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකෙන්
අපට පුලුවන් එකට අදාල </span></span><i><b>process
</b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක </span></span><i><b>refer
</b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරන්න</span></span><i><b>.
</b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඊළඟට බලමු
ඒ ගැන</span></span><i><b>. </b></i>
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<ol start="29">
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><i>process </i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">හා
</span></span><i>PID </i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ගැන
තව දුරටත්</span></span></span></b></div>
</li>
</ol>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><i><b> </b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">අපි
දැන් කලින් කතා කරපු දේවල්
තව දුරටත් පැහැදිලි කරගමු</span></span><i><b>.</b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">දැන්
පොඩි පොඩි වැඩ ටිකක් කරල බලමු</span></span><i><b>.
</b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">සමහර
දේවල් කරන්න කම්පියුටර් එකේ
ඇඩ්මින් ගෙ බලතල ලබා ගන්න ඕන
ලින්ක්</span></span><i><b>.........</b></i></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඒ
නිසා </span></span><i><b>su </b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කමාන්ඩ්
එක ටයිප් කරල අඩ්මින් ලොග්
වෙන්න</span></span><i><b>.</b></i></span></div>
<ol>
<ol>
<ol>
<ol>
<ol>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><i><b>top :- </b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේ
කමාන්ඩ් එක රන් කරහම අපට
දැනට කම්පියුටර් එකේ රන්
වෙමින් පවතින ප්රොසෙස්
ටික බලා ගන්න පුලුවන්</span></span><i><b>.</b></i></span></div>
</li>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-cHiobZPhHI0/UwQBqsaBoxI/AAAAAAAAA_I/hk93m8JlCWI/s1600/topcommand.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-cHiobZPhHI0/UwQBqsaBoxI/AAAAAAAAA_I/hk93m8JlCWI/s1600/topcommand.png" height="400" width="350" /></span></a></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><i><b> </b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">වම්
පැත්තෙ කොනේම තියෙන්නෙ </span></span><i><b>PID
</b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක අදාල
ප්රොසෙස් එක තවත් </span></span><i><b>memory,cpu
</b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">වගේ ඒවගෙ
</span></span><i><b>usage </b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක්ත්
පෙන්නනව</span></span><i><b>.</b></i></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i><b><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></b></i></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><i><b> </b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඔකෙන්
ඉවත් වෙන්න </span></span><i><b>q </b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">හරි
</span></span><i><b>ctrl +c </b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">හරි
</span></span><i><b>press </b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරන්න</span></span><i><b>.</b></i></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"> *** <b>shift+m</b> <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">යතුරු
එබීමෙන් වැඩියෙන්ම මෙමරි </span></span>use
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරන වැඩසටහන
උඩට ගන්න පුලුවන්</span></span>. ***</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i><b><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></b></i></div>
<ol>
<ol>
<ol>
<ol>
<ol start="2">
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><i><b>kill {PID} :- </b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">මම
කලින් කිව්වනෙ </span></span><i><b>pid
</b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකෙන්
ප්රොසෙස් එකක් </span></span><i><b>refer
</b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරන්න
පුලුවන් කියල මේ තියෙන්නෙ
එහෙම කරන විදියක්</span></span><i><b>.
</b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">අපි
හිතමු </span></span><i><b>2546 </b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියන
ප්රොසෙස් එක නවත්වන්න ඔන
කියල එතකොට</span></span><i><b>Kill 2546 </b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියන්
කමාන්ඩ් එක මගින් ඒදේ කරගන්න
පුලුවන්</span></span><i><b>.</b></i></span></div>
</li>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i><b><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></b></i></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><i><b> **</b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඇඩ්මින්ට
උනත් සියලුම ප්රොසෙස් නවත්වන්න
බෑ </span></span>95-98% <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ප්රමාණයක්
වගේ තමයි එයාට පුලුවන්</span></span>.**</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i><b><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></b></i></div>
<ol>
<ol>
<ol>
<ol>
<ol start="2">
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><i><b>PID </b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකෙන්
වගේම ප්රොසෙස් එකේ නමෙනුත්
අපට ඒක </span></span><i><b>refer</b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරන්න
පුලුවන් එතකොට කරන්නෙ
මෙහෙමයි</span></span><i><b>.</b></i></span></div>
</li>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><i><b> </b></i>killall
{Process-name}</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><i><b> 4.</b></i>ps -ag :- <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියන
එකෙන් පුලුවන් දැනට රන් වෙමින්
තියෙන ප්රොසෙස් ටික බලා ගන්න</span></span>.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<ol>
<ol>
<ol>
<ol>
<ol start="5">
<li><div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><i>kill 0
:- </i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">මගින්
පුලුවන් රන් වෙමින් තියෙන
අපේ ශෙල් එක ඇර අනෙක් ඒව
ඔක්කොම කිල් කරන්න</span></span><i>.</i></span></div>
</li>
<li><div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><i>ps aux
:- </i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේකෙන්
පෙන්නනව ප්රොසෙස් වල අයිතිය
හිමි අය </span></span><i>(</i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඇඩ්මින්
හෝ වෙන යම් </span></span><i>user </i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ල</span></span><i>)</i></span></div>
</li>
<li><div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><i>pstree
:- tree </i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකක්
</span></span><i>(</i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ගහක
අතුබෙදුන</span></span><i>) </i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">විදියට
ප්රොසෙස් එක දකින්න පුලුවන්</span></span><i>.</i></span></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-weight: normal;">අපට
පුලුවන් අපි දන්න කියන
ප්රොසෙස් එකක් රන් වෙනවද
කියල බලාගන්න</span></span></span><i><b>.</b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-weight: normal;">ඒක
බලන්න මේ කමාන්ඩ් එක </span></span></span><i><b>use
</b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-weight: normal;">කරන්න
පුලවන් </span></span></span>
</span></div>
</li>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><i><b> ps ax | grep </b></i><i><b>process
name</b></i></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<ol>
<ol>
<ol>
<ol>
<ol start="9">
<li><div style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">ps :- <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේකෙනුත්
පුලුවන් දැනට රන් වෙන ප්රොසෙස්
බලා ගන්න</span></span>.</span></div>
</li>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
<div style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
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<div style="font-style: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඔන්න මෙතනින්
ලිනක්ස් ශෙල් පාඩම ඉවරයි</span></span>.
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඉවරයි කිව්වට
ඉවරම නෑ ඉවර උනේ මූලික සංකල්ප
ටික</span></span>. <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඊළඟට
තමයි </span></span><b>structured shell programming</b><span style="font-weight: normal;"> <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">පටන්
ගන්නෙ</span></span>.</span></span></div>
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<i><b><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></b></i></div>
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The Stunnyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02660646168756320662noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8990362700235836508.post-50732630438020342242014-02-16T07:29:00.002+05:302014-02-16T07:32:01.896+05:30 A-Z Of Bash Commands For Bash Learner<span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;"><b>බොහෝ වැදගත් වන ලිනකස් කමාන්ඩ්ස් </b></span><br />
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><br /></b>
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">A</span></b><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">alias: If creating an alias is what you want, then this is it.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">apropos: We’re not the only ones providing help. This command you to search through the Help manual pages.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">apt-get: This one works on Debian and Ubuntu distros. It is used to install and search for software packages.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">aptitude: See the similarity with the above command? This one does the same thing.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">aspell: Got bad spellings? Use the spell checker.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">awk:No, this command is not for awkward situations. It lets you find text and replace it. Also, you can sort, index and validate things in a database.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">B</span></b><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">basename: Sometimes files and directories have suffixes to their names. This one strips them off it.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">bash: GNU Bourne-Again Shell</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">bc: This command is an arbitrary precision calculator language </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">bg: bg could stand for background couldn’t it? Regardless, that’s what it does, sends to the background</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">break: Exit from a loop</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">builtin: Run a shell builtin</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">bzip2: When there’s ‘zip’ in the name, that’s what it does. It compresses or decompresses files that are named.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">C</span></b><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">cal: Need a calendar? This command displays one.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">case: In ‘case’ you want to perform a command conditionally. This is how to do it.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">cat: In programming, ‘cat’ usually stands for concatenate. Here too, but this command displays the content of the files after concatenation.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">cd: Change Directory</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">cfdisk: In Linux, this command is the partition table manipulator</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">chgrp: This is how you change the ownership of a group.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">chmod:‘Ch’ is for change. This one changes the access permissions.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">chown: This one sounds too much like clown! Anyway, it’s not funny though. It changes the owner and group of a file.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">chroot: Using this you can run a command, but with a different root directory</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">chkconfig System services (runlevel)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">cksum: It displays the CRC checksum ad byte counts.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">clear: If you need to clear the terminal screen, use this command.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">cmp: Compare two files</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">comm: Compare two sorted files line by line</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">command: Run a command - ignoring shell functions</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">continue: This is for resuming the next iteration of a particular loop.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">cp: Make a copy of files to a different location.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">cron: Daemon to execute scheduled commands</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">crontab: Scheduling is sometimes very important. This command does it, it schedules a command that will run at a specified time.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">csplit: Split a file into context-determined pieces</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">cut: When you need to cut down a file into parts, this is the command to use.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">D</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">date: Use this command to change the date and time.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">dc: The command stands for Desk Calculator.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">ddrescue: Like most other such commands, this is the disk recovery tool.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">declare: This command is used to declare the variables and to give attributes.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">df: When you want to know the free space on your disk, use this.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">diff: This command prints the differences between two files.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">diff3: This is the same command as the previous one, but for three files.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">dig: Need to lookup the DNS? Use this.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">dir: Use this command for listing directory contents briefly.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">dircolors: This command is used for colour setup for the ‘ls’ command.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">dirname: Use this command to change a full pathname into just a path.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">dirs: This command shows you the list of directories that are remembered.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">dmesg: Use this command when you want to print kernel and driver messages.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">du: Use this command to get an estimation of the file space usage.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">E</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">echo: This command is used for displaying message on the screen.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">egrep: This searches for files that have lines matching an extended expression.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">eject: Use this when you need to eject a removable media.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">enable: Use this to disable or enable bulletin shell commands.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">env: Environment variables</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">ethtool: Ethernet card settings</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">eval: This command is used when you need to evaluate a many commands.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">exec: For executing a command.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">exit: Exiting the shell.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">expand: This command converts all the tabs to spaces.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">export: This command sets an environment variable.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">expr: Some evaluate commands, this evaluates expressions.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">F</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">false: Do nothing, unsuccessfully</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">fdformat: This command is used for low level format of a floppy disk.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">fdisk: This is a partition table manipulator for Linux systems.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">fg: This command is used for sending a task to the foreground.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">fgrep: Use this command to search through files for tasks that match a string.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">file: This is used to determine the file type.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">find: This is used to find files that match a desired criteria.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">fmt: This is used for reformatting paragraph text.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">fold: The name is quite suggestive, it wraps text in order to fit a certain width.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">format: This simply formats tapes or disks.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">free: Use this to see the memory usage.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">fsck: This is used for checking the consistency of the file system and repair it.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">fuser: This command identifies and kills the process accessing a file.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">G</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">gawk: This command is used to find text within files and replace it.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">getopts: Parse positional parameters</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">grep: Through this you can search in files for lines matching a certain pattern.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">groupadd: Use this command to add security user groups.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">groupdel: This one is used for deleting a certain group.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">groupmod: While the last one deletes, this one modified a group.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">groups: Print the names of groups in which an user is located.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">gzip: This command is used for compressing and decompressing files.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">H</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">hash: This command is used to refer to the complete pathname of a name argument.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">head: Use this for output for the first part of files.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">help: Display the built in help for a command.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">history: Command History</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">hostname: Print or set system name</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">I</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">iconv: Use this to convert the character set in files.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">id: Display the group ids or user ids.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">if: Conditional command.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">ifconfig: Used to configure network interfaces.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">ifdown: Use this command for stopping a network interface. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">ifup: Start a network interface app with this command.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">import: Used for the X server. Capture a screen and save image.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Install: Set attributes and copy files</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">J</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">jobs: Use this for listing jobs that are active.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Join: This one joins lines, which are on a common field.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">K</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">kill: Stops a process from running.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Killall: Kills the processes by name.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">L</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">less: This command displays the output on a single screen at a time.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">let: This is for doing arithmetic on shell variables.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">link: This command is used for creating a link to another file. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">ln: This one creates a symbolic link to another file.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">local: Use this for creating variables.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">locate: This one is used for finding files.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">logname: This is used to print the login name being used currently.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">logout: Use this command to exit a login shell.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">look: When you just want to see lines that start with a particular string.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">lpc: It stands for Line Printer Control.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">lpr: This is for offline print.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">lprint: Use this command to print a file.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">lprintd: Use this to abort an ongoing print job.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">lprintq: This command lists the print queue.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">lprm: This removes the jobs from the print queue.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">M</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">make: This command is used for recompiling the group of programs. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">man: This is short for manual and provides help on a command.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">mkdir: Creating directories.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">mkfifo: Use this to make FIFOs.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">mknod: This is to create character special files or block files.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">more: This displays the output, but in a single screen at a time.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">mount: Used for mounting a particular filesystem.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">mtools: Manipulating files from MS-DOS.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">mtr: Network diagnostics command for things like ping and traceroute.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">mv: Used for moving and renaming files and directories.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">mmv: Mass Move and Rename</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">N</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">netstat: Get information on networking.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">nice: Use this to set the priority of a job or a command.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">nl: Write files and number lines.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">nohup: This one runs a command, which is not affected by hangups.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">notify-send: This command sends desktop notifications.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">nslookup: This command is used to query internet name servers interactively.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">O</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">open: This command opens a file in its default application.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">op: Use this command for gaining operator access.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">L</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">less: This command displays the output on a single screen at a time.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">let: This is for doing arithmetic on shell variables.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">link: This command is used for creating a link to another file. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">ln: This one creates a symbolic link to another file.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">local: Use this for creating variables.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">locate: This one is used for finding files.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">logname: This is used to print the login name being used currently.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">logout: Use this command to exit a login shell.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">look: When you just want to see lines that start with a particular string.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">lpc: It stands for Line Printer Control.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">lpr: This is for offline print.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">lprint: Use this command to print a file.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">lprintd: Use this to abort an ongoing print job.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">lprintq: This command lists the print queue.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">lprm: This removes the jobs from the print queue.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">M</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">make: This command is used for recompiling the group of programs. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">man: This is short for manual and provides help on a command.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">mkdir: Creating directories.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">mkfifo: Use this to make FIFOs.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">mknod: This is to create character special files or block files.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">more: This displays the output, but in a single screen at a time.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">mount: Used for mounting a particular filesystem.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">mtools: Manipulating files from MS-DOS.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">mtr: Network diagnostics command for things like ping and traceroute.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">mv: Used for moving and renaming files and directories.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">mmv: Mass Move and Rename</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">N</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">netstat: Get information on networking.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">nice: Use this to set the priority of a job or a command.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">nl: Write files and number lines.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">nohup: This one runs a command, which is not affected by hangups.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">notify-send: This command sends desktop notifications.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">nslookup: This command is used to query internet name servers interactively.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">O</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">open: This command opens a file in its default application.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">op: Use this command for gaining operator access.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">P</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">passwd: Use this command to modify user passwords.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">paste: This command is used for merging lines in files.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">pathchk: It is used to check the portability of a file name.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">ping: This command is used for testing network connections.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">pkill: This command stops processes from running.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">popd: This command restores the previous value of the directory you’re currently in.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">pr: Prepare your files for printing using this.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">printcap: Printer capability database</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">printenv: Print environment variables</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">printf: This command is used for formatting and printing data.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">ps: This stands for Process Status.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">pushd: Change the directory and save it first.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">pwd: It stands for Print Working Directory.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Q</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">quota: This command displays the disk usage and its limits.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">quotacheck: This commands lets you scan a file system to find its disk usage.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">quotactl: This is used to set disk quotas.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">R</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">ram: Ram disk device</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">rcp: When using two machines, this command copies files between them.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">read: This commands is used for reading a line from standard input.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">readarray: This commands reads from stdin into an array variable.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">readonly: This command marks the variables and functions as readonly.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">reboot: Self explanatory, use this command to reboot your system.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">rename: Rename files</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">renice: This command alters the priority of the processes running. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">remsync: This command synchronises remote files through email.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">return: This is used to exit from a shell function.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">rev: This command reverses the lines in a file.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">rm: Use this to remove particular files.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">rmdir: Same as above, but for directories.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">rsync: This is for synchronising file trees.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">S</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">screen: Use this to run remote shells using ssh.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">scp: This is used to create a secure copy.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">sdiff: This command is used to merge two files in a secure manner.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">sed: This is for the stream editor.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">select: This is used when you need to accept keyboard inputs.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">seq: This command is used for printing numeric sequences.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">set: This command lets you manipulate shell functions and variables.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">sftp: Run the secure file transfer program using this.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">shift: This command is used for shifting positional parameters.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">shopt: Shopt stands for Shell Options.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">shutdown: Use this command when you want to shutdown Linux or restart it.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">sleep: Add a delay using this command.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">slocate: This is used to find particular files.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">sort: Text files are sorted using this.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">source: This command is used for running commands from a file.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">split: This command is used to break a file into fixed sizes.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">ssh: This is used to run the remote login program, that is, the secure shell client.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">strace: This is used to trace signals and system calls.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">su: Substitute the user identity using this command.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">sudo: This is used for executing commands as a different user.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">sum: File cheksums are printed using this command.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">suspend: This command is used to suspend the execution of the current shell.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">sync: This command is used in order to synchronise data from a disk with the memory.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">T</span></b><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">tail: Use this command when you want to output only the last part of a file.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">tar: This command is used in order to store a list or extract files in an archive.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">tee: This command is used for redirecting output into multiple files.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">test: This command is used for evaluating conditional expressions.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">time: The running time of a program can be measured using this command.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">timeout: This command is used to put a time limit on a command.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">times: Use this to find the user and system times.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">touch: Timestamps on a file can be changed using this.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">top: This is used to get a list of the processes that are running on the system.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">traceroute: Use this command to Trace Route to a host.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">tr: Delete characters, translate or squeeze them.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">tsort: This is used for topological sorting.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">tty: This is used for printing the filename of terminal on stdin.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">U</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">ulimit: This commands limits the user resources.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">umask: This is used to determine the file permission for a new file.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">umount: This command will unmount a device from the system.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">unalias: This command will remove an alias.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">uname: This command will print the system information.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">unexpand: This command will convert the spaces in a file to tabs.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">uniq: This command will uniquify your files.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">units: This will convert the units from one scale to another.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">unset: This command removes the variable names or the function names.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">unshar: This command unpacks the shell archive scripts.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">until: This command will execute a command until there is an error.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">uptime: This command will show the uptime.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">useradd: Use this command when you need a new user account to be created.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">userdel: This command will delete an user account from your system.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">usermod: Self explanatory, modify an user account.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">users: This command gives you a list of users who are currently logged in.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">uuencode: This command will encode binary files.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">V</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">v: This command lists the contents of a directory.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">vdir: Same as above.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">vi: This is a text editor.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">vmstat: This command will report on the virtual memory statistics.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">W</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">wait: This command directs the system to wait for a process to finish.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">watch: This command will display or execute a program periodically.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">wc: This command prints the word, byte and line counts.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">whereis: This command will search a user’s $path, source files and man pages </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">which: This command searches only for a user’s $path for a program.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">while: Use this to execute commands.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">who: This command will print the usernames that are currently logged into the system.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">whoami: This is a command that prints the current name and user id.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">wget: This will retrieve the web pages or files through HTTP, HTTPS or FTP.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">write: Use this to send messages to other users.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">X</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">xargs: This command execute’s a utility and passes a constructed argument list.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">xdg-open: This lets you open an URL or a file in the user's preferred application.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;" /></span>
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;">Y</span></b><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">yes: This command will print a string until it is interrupted. </span>The Stunnyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02660646168756320662noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8990362700235836508.post-51119297042283175112013-11-23T08:13:00.001+05:302022-01-06T14:55:18.660+05:30ලිනක්ස් Shell Programming පාඩම-කොටස 12
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<b>25.<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">පයිප්ප
</span></span>(Pipes).</b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">පයිප්ප
කිවිවෙ වතුර යන ඒව නම් නෙවෙයි</span></span>.
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේවයි යන්නෙ
කමාන්ඩ්</span></span>. <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">තේරුනේ
නැද්ද</span></span>? <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">මෙහෙමයි
අපි මේ පයිප්ප කියන ඒවයින්
කරන්නෙ එක කමාන්ඩ් එකක </span></span>output
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක තවත්
කමාන්ඩ් එකක් ඉන්පුට් එකකට
ලබාදෙන එක</span></span>. <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේකෙ
තියන විශේෂත්වය තමයි එහෙම
වෙනකොට කිසිම </span></span>temporary file <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකක්
හැදෙන්නෙ නැති වීම </span></span>(<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">මෙහෙම
කියන්නෙ පළමු කමාන්ඩ් එක මගින්
දෙන </span></span>output <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක
කිසි තැනක </span></span>save <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරගන්නෙ
නැතුව කෙලින්ම දෙවනි කමාන්ඩ්
එකේ </span></span>input <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකට
ලබාදෙන නිසා </span></span>). <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">අපට
මේක </span></span>use <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරන්නෙ
පුලුවන් </span></span>program <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකක
</span></span>out put <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක
තවත් </span></span>program <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකක
ඉන්පුට් එකට සෙට් කරවන්න
ටෙම්පරි </span></span>file <span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">හදන්නෙ
නැතුව</span></span>.</div>
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<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">උඩ
තියන පින්තුරෙන් ඒ ගැන අදහසක්
ගන්න උත්සාහ කරන්න</span></span>.</div>
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<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේ
</span></span><i>Syntax </i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක
</span></span><i>use </i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරන්නෙ
මේ විදියට</span></span><i>.</i></div>
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<i> </i></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i> Command 1 | Command 2</i></div>
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<i> </i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">මෙන්න
මේ උදාහරණ බැලුවහම හරියටම
තේරුම් ගන්න පුලුවන් වේවි</span></span><i>.</i></div>
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<ol><ol><ol>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i><b>ls | more – </b></i>
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<i><b>ls </b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කමාන්ඩ්
එකෙන් වෙන දේ දන්නවනෙ</span></span><i><b>.
more </b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියන
කමාන්ඩ් එකත් එක්ක </span></span><i><b>combine
</b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරහම
වෙන්නෙ මෙහෙම වැඩක් අපි හිතමු
අපි </span></span><i><b>files </b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">හා
</span></span><i><b>folders </b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ගොඩක්
තියන </span></span><i><b>directory </b></i><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">එකක
ඉදන් </span></span></span></span><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">ls
type </span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">කරා
කියල එතකොට මෙන්න මේවගේ
</span></span></span></span><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">result
</span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">එකක්
තමයි ටර්මිනල් එකේ </span></span></span></span><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Display
</span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">වෙන්නෙ</span></span></span></span><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">අපි
</span></span><i><b>ls | more </b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියන
විදියට රන් කරොත් මෙන්න මේවගේ
</span></span><i><b>result </b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකක්
තමයි ලැබෙන්නෙ</span></span><i><b>.</b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කමාන්ඩ්
දෙකක එකතුවකින් තමයි මේ </span></span><i><b>result
</b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක ලැබුනෙ</span></span><i><b>.</b></i></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-G2Ja7FAVbbM/UpAN4HdsQJI/AAAAAAAAA7k/cF2zWzUjP7E/s1600/ls+and+more.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-G2Ja7FAVbbM/UpAN4HdsQJI/AAAAAAAAA7k/cF2zWzUjP7E/s1600/ls+and+more.png" />
<style type="text/css">P { margin-bottom: 0.08in; }</style>
</a></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">පෙන්නන
තියන දේවල් ලිස්ට් එකක් විදියට
පෙන්නනන එක තමයි විශේෂත්වය</span></span><i><b>.
</b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එහෙම
පෙන්නන්න </span></span><i><b>Screen </b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක
මදිනම් </span></span><i><b>--More-- </b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියන
එක උඩ </span></span><i><b>enter button </b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක
එබීමෙන් ඊළඟ ටික බලන්න පුලුවන්</span></span><i><b>.</b></i></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><i>2. </i>who | sort </b>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b> </b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i><b> who </b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියන
කමාන්ඩ් එකෙන් ලැබෙන්නෙ </span></span><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">user
Account </span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ප්රමාණය</span></span><i><b>.
Sort </b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියන
කමාන්ඩ් එකත් කලින් </span></span><i><b>use
</b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරල තියෙනව
ඒකෙන් වෙන්නෙ අනුපිළිවෙලකට
සැකසෙන එක</span></span><i><b>.</b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේ
කමාන්ඩ් එක රන් කිරීමෙන් </span></span><i><b>sort
</b></i><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">උන </span></span><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">user
Account </span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">ප්රමාණය
බලා ගන්න පුලුවන්</span></span></span></span><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i><b>3.</b></i><b>who | sort >
user_list </b>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b> </b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b> </b><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කලින්
කමාන්ඩ් එක මගින් උන දේම තමයි
සිද්ධවෙන්නෙ</span></span><b>. </b><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">හැබැයි
</span></span><b>output </b><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක
</span></span><b>write </b><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">වෙන්නෙ
ඔයා දැනට ඉන්න ඩිරෙක්ටරි එකේ
</span></span><b>user_list </b><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියල
හැදෙන </span></span><b>file </b><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකේ</span></span><b>.(
> ,>> ,< </b><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේව
මතකයිනෙ </span></span><b>redirection </b><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">වලදි
කරේ </span></span><b>)</b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>4. who | wc -l </b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b> </b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b> wc </b><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියන
කමාන්ඩ් එකෙන් යමක </span></span><b>lines
</b><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ප්රමාණය</span></span><b>,</b><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">වචන</span></span><b>,</b><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">අකුරු
වගේ ඒවගෙ </span></span><b>count </b><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකක්
ගන්න පුලුවන්</span></span><b>.</b><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">භාවිතා
කරන හැටි පහල තියන ඒව් මගින්
ඉගෙන ගන්න</span></span><b>.</b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b> wc -c :-</b><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේකෙන්
</span></span><b>bytes </b><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">වල
එකතුව ගන්න පුලුවන්</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b> wc -m :-</b><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">අකුරු
වල එකතුවක් ලබා ගන්න පුලුවන්</span></span><b>.</b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b> wc -C :- wc -m </b><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">වලින්
ලැබුන ප්රතිඑලයම තමයි</span></span><b>.</b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b> wc -l : lines </b><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">වල
එකතුව</span></span><b>.</b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b> wc -w : </b><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">අකුරු
අතර තියන හිස් අවකාශය</span></span><b>(white
space) count </b><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරනව</span></span><b>.</b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b> </b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b> who | wc -l</b><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">වලින්
පෙන්නන්නෙ ලයින් ප්රමාණෙ
</span></span><b>count </b><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක</span></span><b>users
</b><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ල </span></span><b>5</b><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ක්
හිටියොත් රිසල්ට එක </span></span><b>5
</b><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියල පෙන්නනෙ</span></span><b>.
</b><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඔයාලගෙ
ඉන්න </span></span><b>users </b><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">ප්රමාණයෙ
එකතුවක් දකින්න ලැබෙයි</span></span><b>.</b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
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</div>
<ol start="5">
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>ls -l | wc -l</b></div>
</li>
</ol>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b> </b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b> </b><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේක
ඔයාල කරල බලලම තේරුම් ගන්න
හැම එකම කියල දෙන එක හොඳ නෑ
නෙ</span></span><b>.</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br /></div>
The Stunnyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02660646168756320662noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8990362700235836508.post-7056390654023220882013-10-12T19:57:00.000+05:302022-01-06T14:55:24.168+05:30ලිනක්ස් Shell Programming පාඩම-කොටස 11<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<style type="text/css">P { margin-bottom: 0.08in; }CODE.western { font-family: "DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace; }CODE.cjk { font-family: "Droid Sans Fallback",monospace; }CODE.ctl { font-family: "DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace; }</style>
</div>
<ol start="22">
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-weight: normal;">ඇයි
මේ </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Command
Line arguments </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">අවශ්ය
වෙන්නෙ</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></b></div>
</li>
</ol>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">ප්රධාන
කාරණා දෙකක් තියෙනව</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></div>
<ol><ol><ol>
<li><div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කමාන්ඩ්
එකට අවශ්ය </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">option
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකක්
ලබා දීමට</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">echo
-e “mad”</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේකෙ
මේ </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">-e </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියල
තියෙන්නෙ පළමු </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">argument
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක ඒක
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">echo </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියන
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">command </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකේ
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">option </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></div>
</li>
<li><div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කමාන්ඩ්
එකට මොන </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">files
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">ද
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">reading and writing
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරන්න
ඕන කියල ලබා දෙන එක</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">rm
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියන
කමාන්ඩ් එකෙන් පුලුවන් </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">file
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකක්
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">remove </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරන්න
ඒ කිව්වෙ </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">delete
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරන්න
ඉතින් එහෙම කරන්න මොන </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">file
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකද
අයින් කරන්න ඔන කියල කමාන්ඩ්
එකට දෙන්න ඔන</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඒක
කරන්නෙ මෙහෙමයි</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></div>
</li>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> rm
file </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකේ
නම </span></span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> rm
filename</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඊළඟට
බලමු කොහොමද </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">command
line arguments </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">අපේ
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">shell </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">ස්ක්රිප්ට්
එකට </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">pass </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරන්නෙ
කියල</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-weight: normal;">අපි
හදපු </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">my.shell
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-weight: normal;">කියල
ශෙල් </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">script
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-weight: normal;">එකක්
තියනව කියල හිතමු</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">.
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-weight: normal;">දැන්
ටර්මිනල් එකෙන් ඒක රන් කරමු
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">24
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-weight: normal;">කියන
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">argument
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-weight: normal;">එකත්
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">pass
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-weight: normal;">කරගෙන</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> ./my.shell
24</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේවගේ
අපට කැමති </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">arguments
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">ගණනක්
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">pass </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරන්න
පුලුවන්</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඊළඟට
බලමු කොහොමද අපි ටර්මිනල්
එකෙන් පාස් කරපු </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">arguments
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">ශෙල්
එක ඇතුලෙදි අල්ල ගන්නෙ කියල</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">අපි
හිතමු අපි අපි </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">argument
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">තුනක්
පාස් කරා කියල ඒ තුන අපට </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">$1
, S2 , $3 </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියල
හදා ගනිපු වේරියබල් තුනකින්
ඒ පාස් කරපුව අල්ල ගන්න පුලුවන්</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">සරලවම
කිව්වෙත් </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">$1
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියල
හදපු වේරියබල් එකට පළමු </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">argument
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකත්
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">$2 </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">ට
දෙවනි </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">argument
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකත්
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">S3 </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">ට
තුන්වෙනි </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">argument
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකත්
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">assign </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">වෙනව</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">තවමත්
පැහැදිලි නැත්තම් මේ උදාහරණය
බලන්න</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">අපි
මුලින්ම හදාගනමු </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">my.shell
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියල
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">script </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකක්
ඒකෙ මෙන්න මෙහෙම ටයිප් කරල
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">save </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරගන්න</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">#########################################
</span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">#
gedit my </span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">#!/bin/bash
</span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">#
Catch arguments </span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">#
sh scriptname 1 2 3 </span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">echo
"My 1st Argument is : $1" </span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">echo
"My 2nd Argument is : $2" </span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">echo
"My 3rd Argument is : $3" </span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">
</span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">#########################################
</span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">දැන්
ටර්මිනල් එකේ මේක රන් කරනකොට
මෙන්න මේ විදියට </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">argument
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">තුනකුත්
එක්ක රන් කරන්න</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> ./my.sh
5 9 4</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> resutl
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක මෙන්න
මේ විදියට පෙනේවි</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> My
1st Argument is : 5</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> My
2nd Argument is : 9</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> My
3rd Argument is : 4 </span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">අපි
පාස් කරපු එක </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">shell
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක
ඇතුලෙදි අල්ලගෙන ප්රින්ට්
කරපු එක තමයි මෙතනදි සිද්ද
උනෙ</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">තව
වැදගත් වෙන දේවල් කිහිපයක්
බලමු ඊළඟට </span></span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> 01.
$0 </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියන
වේරියබල් එකක් හැදුවොත් ඒකට
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">assign </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">වෙනව
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">shell </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකේ
නම</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<code class="western"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">02.$*
</span></code><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN"><code class="ctl"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">හරි
</span></code></span></span><code class="western"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">$@
</span></code><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN"><code class="ctl"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">කියන
ඒවයින් ටර්මිනල් එකෙන් එවන
</span></code></span></span><code class="western"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">argument
</span></code><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN"><code class="ctl"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">ඔක්කෙම
එක පාරට අල්ල ගන්න පුලුවන්</span></code></span></span><code class="western"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></code><br />
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<code class="western"> </code><code class="western"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></code><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN"><code class="ctl"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">මේ
උදාහරන කරල බලන්න ඒවයින්
තේරුම් ගන්න පුලුවන් ලේසියෙන්ම</span></code></span></span><code class="western"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></code></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<code class="western"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Arguments
</span></code><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN"><code class="ctl"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">කැමති
ගානකුත් එක්ක මේක රන් කරන්න</span></code></span></span><code class="western"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></code></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<code class="western"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">#########################################
</span></code>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<code class="western"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">#
gedit my </span></code>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<code class="western"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">#!/bin/bash
</span></code>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<code class="western"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">#
Catch arguments </span></code>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<code class="western"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">#
</span></code>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<code class="western"> </code><code class="western"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">echo
"My Arguments are : $@" </span></code>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<code class="western"> </code><code class="western"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">
</span></code>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<code class="western"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">#########################################</span></code></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<code class="western"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Arguments
</span></code><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"><span lang="hi-IN"><code class="ctl"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">තුනක්
එක්ක මේක රන් කරන්න</span></code></span></span><code class="western"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></code></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<code class="western"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">#########################################
</span></code>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<code class="western"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">#
gedit my </span></code>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<code class="western"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">#!/bin/bash
</span></code>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<code class="western"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">#
Catch arguments </span></code>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<code class="western"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">#
</span></code>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<code class="western"> </code><code class="western"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">echo
"My Argument name is : $0" </span></code>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<code class="western"> </code><code class="western"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">echo
"My Arguments are : $1" </span></code>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<code class="western"> </code><code class="western"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">echo
"My Arguments are : $2" </span></code>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<code class="western"> </code><code class="western"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">echo
"My Arguments are : $3" </span></code>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<code class="western"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">
</span></code>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<code class="western"> </code><code class="western"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">
</span></code>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<code class="western"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">#########################################</span></code></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">තව
මතක තියා ගන්න ඕන කරුණක් තමයි
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">$0,$2,$3 </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියල
අර්ගියුමන්ට් අල්ල ගන්න
වේරියබල් අපට </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">script
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක ඇතුලෙ
ආයෙ භාවිතා කරන්න බැරි බව</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">
<style type="text/css">P { margin-bottom: 0.08in; }</style>
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">24
.Redirection (</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">ප්රතිදිශාව</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">). </span></b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේ
කතන්දරෙන් කියන එකත් ඒ තරම්
අමාරු දෙයක් නෙවෙයි අපි බලමු
දැන් ඒ ගැන</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">අපි
සාමාන්යයෙන් මොකක් හරි
කමාන්ඩ් එකක් රන් කරපුවහම
ඒකෙ ප්රතිඑලය ටර්මිනල් එකේ
ප්රින්ට් වෙන එකනෙ වෙන්නෙ</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">හොඳම
උදාහරණෙ තමයි </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">ls
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කමාන්ඩ්
එක එක ටයිප් කරහම ඔයලට ටර්මිනල්
එකේම අදාල </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">out
put </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක
පෙන්නන එක</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">අපට
පුලුවන් ඔන්න ඔය දෙන </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">out
put </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක
අපි හදාගනිපු </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">file
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකකට
අරගන්න</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">,
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එහෙමත
නැත්තම් </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">file
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකක්
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">read </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරල
එකෙ තියන ඒව අරගෙන ටර්මිනල්
එකට ලබා ගන්න</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඔන්න
ඔය කතාවට තමයි </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">redirection
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියල
කියන්නෙ</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඔන්න
බලන්න එක කරන හැටි</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">මුලින්ම
ඔය දැන් ඉන්න </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">directory
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකේ
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">man.txt </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියල
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">text file </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකක්
හදාගන්න</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඊළඟට
ටර්මිනල් එකේ මෙහෙම ටයිප්
කරල එන්ටර් ඔබන්න </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">.</span>
(</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">ටර්මිනල්
එකෙනුත් ඒ </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">directory
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක ඇතුලෙ
ඉන්න ඔන</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">. ) </span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> ls >
man.txt</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">දැන්
ඔයාල </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">man.txt
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියන
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">file </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක
ඔප්න් කරල බැලුවෙත් ඔයාලට
පෙනෙයි </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">ls
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">මගින්
ටර්මිනල් එකේ ටයිප් වෙන්න ඕන
ටික </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">man.txt </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියන
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">file </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකේ
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">save </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">වෙලා
තියෙන බව</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">ලේසි
ක්රමේ </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">: -
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කලින්
කරා වගේ මුලින් </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">man.txt
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියන
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">file </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක
හදල ඉන්න ඔන නෑ</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඔය </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">ls
> man.txt </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියන
කමාන්ඩ් එක නිකම්ම ටර්මිනල්
එකේ ටයිප් කරහම </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">man.txt
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක ඔටෝ
හැදිල ඒකෙ </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">ls
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">මගින්
අවශ්ය දේවල් ටික ලියවෙනව</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">ප්රධාන
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Redirection </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">සලකුණු
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">(symbols) </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">තුනක්
තියෙනව</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඒව
තමයි</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<ol><ol><ol>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">></span></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">>></span></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">අපි
දැන් බලමු ඒවයි තියෙන වැඩ
කිඩ ටික</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span><ol><ol><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">>
- </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේක
ඔයාල කරල බැලුවනෙ</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේ
ලකුණ යොදා ගත්තම හැම තිස්සෙම
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">write </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරන්න
ඔන </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">file </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක
අලුතෙන්ම හැදෙනව</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කලින්
එහෙම </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">file
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකක්
තියෙනම් කිසිම කතාවක් නැතුව
ඒක </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">overwrite
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">වෙනව</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරලම
බලන්නකො</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">>>
- </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">මෙන්න
මේවිදියට තමයි මේක භාවිතා
කරන්නෙ</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">ls
>> fileName</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේකෙ
තියන විශේෂත්වෙ තමයි කලින්
එකේ වගේ </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">overwrite
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">වෙන්නෙ
නැතුව එකම </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">file
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">write </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">වෙන
එක</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඒ
කිව්වෙ මෙහෙමයි අපි හිතමු
අපි </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">write
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරන්න
ඉන්න </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">file
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක
ඇතුලෙ කලින් </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">save
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරපු
තව මොනව හරි දේවල් තියෙනව
කියල ඒව වෙනස් නොවී ඒවට යටින්
අලුත් දේවල් ටික </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">save
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">වෙන
එක</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඉතින්
මේකෙන් පුලුවන් කලින් දේවලුත්
එක්ක අලුත් දේවලුත් තියා
ගන්න</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><
- </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේකෙන්
තමයි </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">file
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකක
තියෙනෙ ඒව </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">read
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරන
වැඩේ කරන්නෙ</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක
කරන්න පුලුවන් මෙහෙම</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">මුලින්ම
හදන්න මොනව හරි ටයිප් කරපු
දේවල් තියෙන ටෙක්ස්ට් </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">file
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකක්
ඒකෙ නම දෙන්න </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">my.txt
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියල
දැන් ටර්මිනල් එකෙන් එක
තියන </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">directory
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකට
ගිහින් මෙන්න මෙහෙම ටයිප්
කරල රන් කරන්න</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">cat
< my.txt </span></b>
</li>
</ol>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> cat
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියන
කමාන්ඩ් එකෙන් </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">file
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">දෙකක්
මූට්ටු කරන්නයි එව ඇතුලෙ තියන
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඒව
ප්රින්ට කරන්නයි පුලුවන්</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">මෙව්ව
ගැන වැඩි විස්තර පස්සෙ පස්සෙ
දැන ගන්න පුලුවන්</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">දැන්
මේවයින් පොඩි උදාහරණයක් බලමු</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">ටර්මිනල්
එක ඔපන් කරල මෙන්න මේ කමාන්ඩ්
එක රන් කරන්න</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<b>
</b><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></b></div>
<b>
</b><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> cat
> myfile.txt</span></b></div>
<b>
</b><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එතකොට
කර්සර් එක බිලින්ක් වෙවී
තියෙනව එතකොට ඔයාල ඔය පහල
තියෙන පින්තුරෙ වගේ ඔය නගර
වල නම් ටික එන්ටර් කරල ඉවරවෙලා
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><i>CTRL + D </i></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඔබල
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><i>save </i></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරන්න</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><i>.</i></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hGAaFuic8lY/UllaTqbgpuI/AAAAAAAAA2c/kN_wCR1B9fU/s1600/redirect.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hGAaFuic8lY/UllaTqbgpuI/AAAAAAAAA2c/kN_wCR1B9fU/s1600/redirect.png" /></a></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><i> </i></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">දැන්
ඔය ඉන්න </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><i>directory
</i></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකේ
ඒ නගර ටික </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><i>save
</i></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">උන
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><i>myfile.txt </i></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියල
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><i>file </i></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකක්
හැදිල ඇති</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><i>.
</i></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">අපට
ඔන ඒ </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><i>file </i></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකේ
තියන නගර වල නම් </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><i>alphabet
</i></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකේ
පිලිවෙළට හදන්න</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><i>.
</i></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඒකට
කරන්නෙ මෙන්න මේ වැඩේ</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><i>.</i></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">මෙන්න
මේ කමාන්ඩ් එක රන් කරන්න</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><i>.</i></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><i>
sort < myfile.txt > sorted</i></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><i> </i></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><i> </i></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඊළඟට
මේක රන් කරන්න</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><i> </i><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">cat</span></span><i><b>
</b></i><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">sorted
</span></span></span>
</div>
<div style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එතකොට
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">sort </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">උන
පිලිවෙලට ප්රතිඑලය දැකගන්න
පුලුවන්</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">තවත්
එකක් තමයි </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">sorted
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියල
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">file </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකකුත්
හැදිල තියෙන බව දකින්න පුලුවන්
අදාල </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">directory
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකේ
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඒකෙ
තමයි </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">sort </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">උන
ලිස්ට් එක සේව් වෙලා තියෙන්නෙ</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">.</span></div>
<div style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">තියෙන
කමාන්ඩ් එක රන් කරහම වෙන්නෙ
</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">myfile.txt
</span></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">එකේ
තියෙන ඒව </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">read
</span></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">කරල
</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">sort
</span></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">කරල
</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">sorted
</span></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">කියන
නමින් </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">file
</span></i></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">එකක්
හදල ඒකට සේව් කරන එක</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">.</span></i></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><i> </i></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><i>sort
-</i></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියන
කමාන්ඩ් එක නිතරම අනුපිලිවෙලට
සකසන දේවල් වලට භාවිතා කරන්න
පුලුවන්</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><i>.</i></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
The Stunnyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02660646168756320662noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8990362700235836508.post-87453791179923377142013-07-17T23:00:00.001+05:302013-07-17T23:00:18.580+05:30<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.linuxlanka.com/forum/styles/lucid_lime/imageset/linux%20lank%20logo.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.linuxlanka.com/forum/styles/lucid_lime/imageset/linux%20lank%20logo.png" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b><span class="userContent" data-ft="{"tn":"K"}">එන්න
ඔබගේ ලිනක්ස් පිළිබද දැනුම වැඩි කරගන්න. නොදන්න දේවල් ගැන දැනගන්න තමන්
දන්න දේවල් අනිත් අයත් එක්ක බෙදාහදා ගන්න අපේ open source forum එකට එකතු
වෙන්න.<br /> <a href="http://www.linuxlanka.com/" rel="nofollow nofollow" target="_blank">www.linuxlanka.com</a></span></b>The Stunnyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02660646168756320662noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8990362700235836508.post-26563199239102018272013-02-02T05:50:00.000+05:302013-02-02T05:55:28.650+05:30windows share මවුන්ට් කරමු full permission එක්ක.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LkjYsDQeqQo/UQxbPiDGCwI/AAAAAAAAADM/o7beRqgFRBs/s1600/smb_mount.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LkjYsDQeqQo/UQxbPiDGCwI/AAAAAAAAADM/o7beRqgFRBs/s1600/smb_mount.gif" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
මම අද මේ කියන වැඩේ නෙට්වර්ක් වල වැඩ කරන අයට ගොඩක් වැදගත් වෙයි.විශේෂයෙන්ම ලිනක්ස් හා වින්ඩෝස් computer දෙවර්ගයම තියන නෙට්වර්ක් වල වැඩ කරන අයට ගොඩක්ම වැදගත් වෙයි.අපට පහල තියෙන කමාන්ඩ් එකෙන් පුලුවන් windows computer එකක තියන share එකක් අපේ ලිනක්ස් computer එකට mount කරගන්න.<br />
<br />
<b> sudo mount -t cifs //192.168.0.3/Tutorials -o username=pc,password=mypw /mnt/wshares</b><br />
<br />
cifs - නෙට්වර්ක් file system එක මේ වෙනුවට smbfs කියල එකකුත් තියනව ඒක ටිකක් පරනයි.<br />
//192.168.0.3/ - mount කරගන්න ඕන computer එකේ ip එක.<br />
Tutorials - mount කරගත යුතු folder එක.<br />
-o username=pc,password=mypw - windows computer එකේ un හා password එක.<br />
mount කරන ස්ථානය. (file system එකේ mnt ෆෝල්ඩරය තුල ඇති මා සාදාගත් wshares ෆෝල්ඩර් එක)<br />
<br />
මේකෙන් share එක mount උනාට අපට share එකේ write permssion එක ලැබෙන්නෙ නෑ. එහෙම ලබාදීල තිබුනත් වින්ඩෝස් වලදි. :D<br />
අපි හිතමු අපිට නෙට්වර් එකේ ඉදගෙන eclips හෝ netbeans project එකක් එහෙම edit කරන්න ඕන කියල,වින්ඩෝස් share එකක තියන.<br />
එතකොට edit කරන්න තියා project එක බලන්න වත් බෑ මොකද netbeans හෝ eclips වල open dialog box වල network shares පෙන්නන්නෙ නැති නිසා.<br />
දැන් මම කියන්නම් කොහොමද මේක write permission එකත් එක්ක file system එකේ කොහේට හරි mount කරගන්න ඕන කියල. පහල තියන කමාන්ඩ් එකෙන් ඒක පුලුවන්<br />
<br />
sudo mount -t cifs //192.168.0.3/Tutorials -o username=pc,password=mypw,rw,gid=500,uid=1000,umask=0000 /mnt/wshares<br />
<br />
කලින් එකම තමා පොඩ්ඩක් කැලි වැඩියි.<br />
<br />
rw - read / write අවසර<br />
GID- Group identification number<br />
uid - user id එක මෙතනට තමන්ගෙ uid එක දෙන්න ඕන. ඒක බලාගන්න terminal එකේ id -u username කමාන්ඩ් එකෙන් පුලුවන් username කියන තැනට <br />
තමන් ලොග් වෙලා ඉන්න user account එකේ නම දෙන්න.<br />
umask - file permission ලෙවෙල් එක.<br />
<br />
උඩ තියන command එක හරියට ගැහුව නම් ඊළඟට තමන් log වෙලා ඉන්න Account එකේ පාස්වර්ඩ් එක අහවි දැන් ඒක ලබා දීල /mnt/wshares වලට ගිහින් බැලුවොත් mount උන ඒව පෙනෙයි(තමන් mount කරගනිපු තැන.).<br />
<br />
අපි ගියා. bye<br />
තව ටිකෙන් අමතක වෙනව unmount කරගන්න කමාන්ඩ් එක <br /><b>sudo umount /mnt/wshares </b>MadTerminalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18049086534341488288noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8990362700235836508.post-74437672458041688202013-01-02T23:08:00.002+05:302013-01-02T23:09:19.104+05:30තව විනාඩි 24 යි<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>www.ubuntu.com</b></span></div>
MadTerminalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18049086534341488288noreply@blogger.com19tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8990362700235836508.post-28262155698791583952013-01-02T21:49:00.000+05:302022-01-06T14:55:50.891+05:30ලිනක්ස් Shell Programming පාඩම-කොටස 11<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7uRZ0TF60H8/UORcqL3osAI/AAAAAAAAACs/n6Bcu-1kWko/s1600/shellTutorial.jpe" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7uRZ0TF60H8/UORcqL3osAI/AAAAAAAAACs/n6Bcu-1kWko/s400/shellTutorial.jpe" width="400" /></a></span></div>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></h2>
<ol start="22">
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<h2>
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-weight: normal;">ඇයි
මේ </span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;">Command Line arguments </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">අවශ්ය
වෙන්නෙ</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">.</span></h2>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">ප්රධාන
කාරණා දෙකක් තියෙනව</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">.</span></div>
<ol><ol><ol>
<li><div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">කමාන්ඩ්
එකට අවශ්ය </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">option </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකක්
ලබා දීමට</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">echo -e “mad”</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේකෙ
මේ </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">-e </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියල
තියෙන්නෙ පළමු </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">argument </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක
ඒක </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">echo </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියන
</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">command </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකේ
</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">option </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">.</span></div>
</li>
<li><div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">කමාන්ඩ්
එකට මොන </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">files </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">ද
</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">reading and writing </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරන්න
ඕන කියල ලබා දෙන එක</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">rm </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියන
කමාන්ඩ් එකෙන් පුලුවන් </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">file
</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකක් </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">remove
</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරන්න ඒ
කිව්වෙ </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">delete </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරන්න
ඉතින් එහෙම කරන්න මොන </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">file
</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකද අයින්
කරන්න ඔන කියල කමාන්ඩ් එකට
දෙන්න ඔන</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">. </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඒක
කරන්නෙ මෙහෙමයි</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">.</span></div>
</li>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"> rm file </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකේ
නම </span></span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"> rm filename</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඊළඟට
බලමු කොහොමද </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">command line arguments
</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">අපේ </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">shell
</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">ස්ක්රිප්ට්
එකට </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">pass </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරන්නෙ
කියල</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-weight: normal;">අපි
හදපු </span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">my.shell
</span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-weight: normal;">කියල
ශෙල් </span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">script
</span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-weight: normal;">එකක්
තියනව කියල හිතමු</span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">.
</span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-weight: normal;">දැන්
ටර්මිනල් එකෙන් ඒක රන් කරමු
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">24 </span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-weight: normal;">කියන
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">argument </span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-weight: normal;">එකත්
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">pass </span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN"><span style="font-weight: normal;">කරගෙන</span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"> ./my.shell 24</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">මේවගේ
අපට කැමති </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">arguments </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">ගණනක්
</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">pass </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරන්න
පුලුවන්</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">.</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">ඊළඟට
බලමු කොහොමද අපි ටර්මිනල්
එකෙන් පාස් කරපු </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">arguments
</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">ශෙල් එක
ඇතුලෙදි අල්ල ගන්නෙ කියල</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">.</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">අපි
හිතමු අපි අපි </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">argument </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">තුනක්
පාස් කරා කියල ඒ තුන අපට </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">$1
, S2 , $3 </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියල
හදා ගනිපු වේරියබල් තුනකින්
ඒ පාස් කරපුව අල්ල ගන්න පුලුවන්</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">.
</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">සරලවම කිව්වෙත්
</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">$1 </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියල
හදපු වේරියබල් එකට පළමු </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">argument
</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකත් </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">$2
</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">ට දෙවනි
</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">argument </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකත්
</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">S3 </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">ට
තුන්වෙනි </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">argument </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකත්
</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">assign </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">වෙනව</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">.</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">තවමත්
පැහැදිලි නැත්තම් මේ උදාහරණය
බලන්න</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">අපි
මුලින්ම හදාගනමු </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">my.shell
</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියල </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">script
</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකක් ඒකෙ
මෙන්න මෙහෙම ටයිප් කරල </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">save
</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">කරගන්න</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">#########################################
</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"># gedit my
</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">#!/bin/bash
</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"># Catch arguments
</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"># sh scriptname 1
2 3
</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"> echo "My
1st Argument is : $1"
</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"> echo "My
2nd Argument is : $2"
</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"> echo "My
3rd Argument is : $3"
</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">#########################################
</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">දැන්
ටර්මිනල් එකේ මේක රන් කරනකොට
මෙන්න මේ විදියට </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">argument
</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">තුනකුත්
එක්ක රන් කරන්න</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"> ./my.sh 5 9 4</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"> resutl </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක
මෙන්න මේ විදියට පෙනේවි</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"> My 1st Argument
is : 5</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"> My 2nd Argument
is : 9</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"> My 3rd Argument
is : 4
</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">අපි
පාස් කරපු එක </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">shell </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක
ඇතුලෙදි අල්ලගෙන ප්රින්ට්
කරපු එක තමයි මෙතනදි සිද්ද
උනෙ</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">.</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">තව
වැදගත් වෙන දේවල් කිහිපයක්
බලමු ඊළඟට </span></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"> 01. $0 </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියන
වේරියබල් එකක් හැදුවොත් ඒකට
</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">assign </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">වෙනව
</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">shell </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">එකේ
නම</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">.<code class="western"> </code></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><code class="western">02.$* </code></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: x-large;"><span lang="hi-IN"><code class="ctl">හරි
</code></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><code class="western">$@ </code></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: x-large;"><span lang="hi-IN"><code class="ctl">කියන
ඒවයින් ටර්මිනල් එකෙන් එවන
</code></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><code class="western">argument </code></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: x-large;"><span lang="hi-IN"><code class="ctl"> </code></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: x-large;"><span lang="hi-IN"><code class="ctl"> ඔක්කෙම එක පාරට අල්ල ගන්න පුලුවන්</code></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><code class="western">.</code></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><code class="western"> </code><code class="western"> </code></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: x-large;"><span lang="hi-IN"><code class="ctl">මේ
උදාහරන කරල බලන්න ඒවයින්
තේරුම් ගන්න පුලුවන් ලේසියෙන්ම</code></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><code class="western">.</code></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><code class="western">Arguments </code></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: x-large;"><span lang="hi-IN"><code class="ctl">කැමති
ගානකුත් එක්ක මේක රන් කරන්න</code></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><code class="western">.</code></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><code class="western">#########################################
</code></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><code class="western"># gedit my </code></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><code class="western">#!/bin/bash </code></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><code class="western"># Catch arguments
</code></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><code class="western"># </code></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><code class="western"> </code><code class="western">echo
"My Arguments are : $@" </code></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><code class="western"> </code><code class="western">
</code></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><code class="western">#########################################</code></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><code class="western">Arguments </code></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: x-large;"><span lang="hi-IN"><code class="ctl">තුනක්
එක්ක මේක රන් කරන්න</code></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><code class="western">.</code></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><code class="western">#########################################
</code></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><code class="western"># gedit my </code></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><code class="western">#!/bin/bash </code></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><code class="western"># Catch arguments
</code></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><code class="western"># </code></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><code class="western"> </code><code class="western">echo
"My Argument name is : $0" </code></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><code class="western"> </code><code class="western">echo
"My Arguments are : $1" </code></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><code class="western"> </code><code class="western">echo
"My Arguments are : $2" </code></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><code class="western"> </code><code class="western">echo
"My Arguments are : $3" </code></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><code class="western"> </code></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><code class="western"> </code><code class="western">
</code></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><code class="western">#########################################</code></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">තව
මතක තියා ගන්න ඕන කරුණක් තමයි
</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">$0,$2,$3 </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">කියල
අර්ගියුමන්ට් අල්ල ගන්න
වේරියබල් අපට </span></span><span style="font-size: large;">script </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span lang="hi-IN">එක
ඇතුලෙ ආයෙ භාවිතා කරන්න බැරි
බව</span></span><span style="font-size: large;">.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">නැවත හමුවෙමු. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">කට්ටිය අපේ ලිනක්ස් Communtiy එකට උදව් දෙන්නත් ඕන කියල මතක තියාගන්න.</span><br />
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MadTerminalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18049086534341488288noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8990362700235836508.post-19147861574836244692012-12-18T05:40:00.002+05:302012-12-18T05:40:15.580+05:30ලංකාවේ විශාලතම OpenSource Community එලිදැක්වීමට නියමිතයි <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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පොදුවේ ලිනක්ස් භාවිතා කරන්නන් හට ඇතිවන ගැටලු වලට විසදුම් ලබා ගැනීමට හා ඒ
ගැන උනන්දුව ඇති පිරිසට තම දැනුම් අන් අය හා බෙදා ගැනීමට අත්වැලක් සැපයීම මෙහි අරමුණයි. තවද ප්රජාව තුල open source software හා සේවාවන් පිළිබද
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කලින් පොස්ට් එකෙන් Dreamviewer ඉන්ස්ටෝල් කර ගන්න ඇති කියල හිතනව.අද දෙන්න යන්නෙ Adobe photoshop. වයින් මත තමයි ඉන්ස්ටෝල් කරන්න තියෙන්නෙ Dreamviewer install කරපු විදියටම තමයි කරන්න තියෙන්නෙ.<br />
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අපි ගියා එහෙනම් comment එකක් එහෙම දාල යන්න අමතක කරන්න එපා.The Stunnyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02660646168756320662noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8990362700235836508.post-38742953432581412472012-11-28T13:15:00.001+05:302012-11-28T13:15:06.042+05:30ලිනක්ස් වලට Dreamviewer (Dreamviewer for Linux)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-size: small;"> ගොඩ කාලෙකින් තමා මේ පැත්තට ආවෙ ආපහු බ්ලොග් එක ලියනව කියල හිතුව. මේක ගොඩක් වැදගත් වෙයි කියල හිතනව වේබ් development කරන අයට. මම අද දෙන්නෙ හදන්නෙ Dreamviewer CS5 software එක මේකෙ තියන විශේෂත්වය තමයි මේක LINUX වලත් වැඩ කරන එක (wine මත). ලේසි වැඩ්ක් තියෙන්නෙ. පහල තියෙන ලින්ක් එකෙන් මේක download කරගෙන wine emulator එකෙන් open කරල සාමන්ය විදියට(windows වල කරන විදියට) install කරගන්න. මතක තියාගන්න මේක වැඩ කරන්න wine තියෙන්න ඕනමයි කියන එක wine නැත්තම් පහල තියන command එක tarminal එකේ රන් කරල install කර ගන්න.</span><br />
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sudo apt-get install wine1.4<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/?r055ymi9ky5fjtd">Download Link</a> </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;">ලින්ක්ස් වලත් Drea<span style="font-size: small;">m<span style="font-size: small;">viewer <span style="font-size: small;">තරමට <span style="font-size: small;">advanced <span style="font-size: small;">නැති <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">applicat<span style="font-size: small;">ion එකක්</span></span> තියෙනව <span style="color: #cc0000;"><span style="font-size: small;">KompoZer <span style="color: black;">කියල</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-t91vbPpPEVM/UK4yeGLKlmI/AAAAAAAAAeY/t-yRaSylDQY/s1600/Screenshot+from+2012-11-22+19:36:55.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-t91vbPpPEVM/UK4yeGLKlmI/AAAAAAAAAeY/t-yRaSylDQY/s400/Screenshot+from+2012-11-22+19:36:55.png" height="223" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.kompozer.net/index.php">http://www.kompozer.net/index.php</a> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>වලින් හරි software center එකන් මේක ලේසියෙන්ම download කරගන්න පුලුවන්.<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"> <span style="font-size: small;">ඔන්<span style="font-size: small;">න එහෙනම් අපි ගියා</span></span> </span><br />
<br />The Stunnyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02660646168756320662noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8990362700235836508.post-30013075659001523942012-04-13T22:25:00.002+05:302012-04-13T22:25:46.421+05:30Happy new year<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Happy new year </span></b></div>The Stunnyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02660646168756320662noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8990362700235836508.post-91955068293108010262012-03-04T04:27:00.001+05:302012-12-07T23:10:28.888+05:30බ්ලොක් කරපු සයිට් වලට යන්න (Linux අයටත්)<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
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<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </pre>
මම මේක ලියන්නෙ වැඩියෙන්ම ලිනක්ස් භාවිතා කරන අයට වැදගත් වෙන නිසා.වින්ඩෝස් වලදි<br />
<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> නම් අමතර softwares use කරල බ්ලොක් කරපු වෙබ් සයිට් වලට යන්න ක්රම ගොඩක් තියෙනව.මම </pre>
<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">දැන් කියන එක windows වලදි වුනත් භාවිතා කරන්න පුලුවන්.මේ program එකේ නම vidaliya </pre>
<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">මේක අයිති වෙන්නෙ tor කියන project එකට. මුලින්ම මෙතනට ගිහින් Browser Bundle එක os </pre>
<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">එකට අදාලව download කරගන්න.
මම දැන් පැහැදිලි කරන්නෙ ලිනක්ස් අය කොහොමද මේක use කරන්නෙ කියල.මුලින්ම download </pre>
<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">කරපු file එක extract කරන්න.දැන පහල රූපෙ තියෙන විදියට start-tor-browser කියන එක රන්</pre>
<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">කරන්න.
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<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sz1K9py_UBw/T1Kg1cPtb4I/AAAAAAAAAa8/d3Lb4x18-sg/s1600/Screenshot.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="243" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sz1K9py_UBw/T1Kg1cPtb4I/AAAAAAAAAa8/d3Lb4x18-sg/s640/Screenshot.png" width="640" /></a> </pre>
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<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">දැන් මේ විදියෙ එකක් එනව ටික වෙලාවක් ගිහින් ඔයාලගෙ web browser එක ඕපන් වෙයි.ඒකෙන්</pre>
<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> ඕනම block කරපු සයිට් එකකට යන්න පුලුවන්.</pre>
<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </pre>
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<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> sudo aptitude install vidalia<b> </b><b>කියන කමාන්ඩ් එක ටර්මිනල් එකේ රන් කරලත් </b><b>vidaliya install </b><b> </b></pre>
<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>කරගන්න පුලුවන්</b><b>.</b> </pre>
The Stunnyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02660646168756320662noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8990362700235836508.post-59076961786526058652012-02-29T21:39:00.001+05:302012-02-29T21:39:54.274+05:30ලිනක්ස් වලදි මම කැමතිම software එකතුව<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">අද මම කියන්න යන්නෙ ලිනක්ස් ඉන්ස්ටෝල් කරහම මම ඉන්ස්ටෝල් කරන මගේ කැමතිම </pre>
<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">softwares ටික ගැන මම හිතනව තවත් ගොඩක් අයට මේක වැදගත් වේවි කියල විශේෂයෙනම</pre>
<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">වින්ඩෝස් වලම හිරවෙලා ඉන්න අයට.
1.මුලින්ම ඉන්ස්ටෝල් කරන්නෙ නම් Restricted extras කියන package එක. දන්නවනෙ</pre>
<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Linux based Os එකක් ඉන්ස්ටෝල් කරගමන් Mp3 එකක් වත් ran වෙන්නෙ නෑ කියන එක </pre>
<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">මේ package ඒකෙන් තමයි ඒ පහසුකම ලැබෙන්නෙ(මේකෙ හැම codecs එකක්ම </pre>
<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">තියෙනවavi,mkv,mpge වගේ) package manager එකේ search කරහම මේක ලේසියෙන්ම</pre>
<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> install කරගන්න පුලුවන්.
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<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">2.codecs ඉන්ස්ටෝල් කරාම දාගන්නෙ Audacious කියන audio player එක මේක හරියට</pre>
<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> win amp එක වගේ එකක් .</pre>
<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </pre>
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<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> 3. stardict එක තමයි මධුර ඩික් එකට ආදේශකයක් විදියට තියෙන්නෙ ඒකට සින්හල දාගන්න </pre>
<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">ඕන. ඒක කරනහැටි මේ බ්ලොග් එකේ මුල post වල තියෙනව. මේ ඩික් එක භාවිතය නම් පට්ට </pre>
<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">සරලයි ගොඩාක් වටින සොෆ්ට්වෙයා එකක් කියලයි මම නම් හිතන්නෙ.</pre>
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<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> 4.Furius ISO Mount තමයි alcohol වලින් කරන වැඩ ටික කරන්න යොදාගන්නෙ.මේකෙන් </pre>
<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">පුලුවන් cd /dvd images මවුන්ට් කරන්න virtual drivers හදනව වගේ වැඩ කරන්න.</pre>
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<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> 5.photoshop වලින් කරන ගොඩක් දේවක් කරන්න පුලුවන් gimp වලින් .</pre>
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<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> 6.incspace කියන්නෙ corel draw වලට ආදේශකයක්.</pre>
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<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> 7. torrent වලින් හෝ ගාල ඩවුන් ලෝඩ් කරන්න use කරන්නෙ deluge හරි qbittorrent දෙකෙන්</pre>
<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> එකක් දෙකම එල</pre>
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<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> 8.download manager ගෙ වැඩ කටයුතු ටික කරගන්න දාන්නෙ FatRat ව.</pre>
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<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> 9.TOR Vidaliya බ්ලොක් කරපු සයිට් වලට යන්න මේකෙන් පුලුවන්.</pre>
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<br /><pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> 10.පොඩි පොඩි වැඩ වලට teamviewer එකත් ඉන්ස්ටෝල් කරගන්නව.</pre>
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<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> 11.cd /Dvd එහෙම burn කරගන්න ඕන උනගමන් මතක් වෙන nero තමයි ඊළගට install </pre>
<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">කරගන්නෙ(Nero Linux).</pre>
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<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> 12.pen drive වල තියෙන virus එහෙම මකල දානන bitdefender එකත් ඉන්ස්ටෝල් කරනව.</pre>
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<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> 13. Wine කියන ඉමියුලේටර් එකෙන් පුලුවන් වින්ඩෝස් වල වැඩ කරන ගොඩක් සොෆ්ට්වෙයා</pre>
<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> ලිනක්ස් මත රන් කරවන්න.</pre>
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<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> 14. ලේසියෙන් සින්හල ටයිප් කරගන්න සින්ගිලිශ් දාගන්නව.</pre>
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<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <a href="http://www.madurax86.com/rsinglish" target="_blank">මෙතනින් යන්න</a></pre>
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<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> 15. cheese web cam මේකෙන් තමයි වෙබ් කැම් එක ඕපන් කරගන්නෙ.</pre>
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<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> 16.Ubuntu Tweak මේක මගින් පුලුවන් උබුන්ටු තවදුරටත් පහසු කර ගන්න ඒ කිව්වෙ customize</pre>
<pre class="western" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">කරගන්න පුලුවන්.
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</div>The Stunnyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02660646168756320662noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8990362700235836508.post-81920199620893280282012-02-26T05:26:00.001+05:302022-01-06T14:55:56.757+05:30ලිනක්ස් Shell Programming පාඩම-කොටස 10<style type="text/css">
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<b><span style="font-size: small;">19
.</span><span style="font-size: small;">කැළෑ කාඩ් </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></b>
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<span style="font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-size: small;">හි</span><span style="font-size: small;">..
</span><span style="font-size: small;">ඔයාල බලයි
මේ මොන මගුලක්ද කියල කැළෑ කාඩ්
</span><span style="font-size: small;">(Wild Card) </span><span style="font-size: small;">කියන්නෙ</span><span style="font-size: small;">.</span><span style="font-size: small;">අපි
බලමු ඒ ගැන දැන්</span><span style="font-size: small;">.
</span><span style="font-size: small;">ඔයාලට
කම්පියුටර් එකේ තියෙන එකම
ජාතියෙ </span><span style="font-size: small;">files </span><span style="font-size: small;">ඔක්කොම
බලාගන්න ඔන උනහම කරන දේ දන්නවනෙ
</span><span style="font-size: small;">search bar </span><span style="font-size: small;">එකේ
</span><span style="font-size: small;">*.</span><span style="font-size: small;">අදාල
</span><span style="font-size: small;">file </span><span style="font-size: small;">වර්ගයෙ
</span><span style="font-size: small;">extension </span><span style="font-size: small;">එක
ගහල </span><span style="font-size: small;">search </span><span style="font-size: small;">කරනවනෙ</span><span style="font-size: small;">.
</span><span style="font-size: small;">අපි හිතමු
ඔයාලට ඕන කියල තියෙන ඔක්කොම
</span><span style="font-size: small;">Mp3 files </span><span style="font-size: small;">ටික
බලා ගන්න කියල එතකොට කරන්න
ඔන </span><span style="font-size: small;">*.mp3 </span><span style="font-size: small;">කියල
</span><span style="font-size: small;">search </span><span style="font-size: small;">කරන
එක</span><span style="font-size: small;">.</span><span style="font-size: small;">ඔයාල
හිතුවද ඇයි මේ </span><span style="font-size: small;">*
</span><span style="font-size: small;">දාන්නෙ කියල
එහෙම දාන්නෙ අපි හරියටම එතනට
දාන්න ඕන එක දන්නෙ නැති නිසා</span><span style="font-size: small;">.
</span><span style="font-size: small;">තවත් එකක්
ගත්තොත් අපේ කම්පුටර් එකේ
තියෙන මුල අකුරු තුන </span><span style="font-size: small;">abc
</span><span style="font-size: small;">කියල තියෙන
</span><span style="font-size: small;">Text file </span><span style="font-size: small;">ඔක්කොම
බලාගන්න ඕන එතකොට </span><span style="font-size: small;">Search
</span><span style="font-size: small;">කරන්න ඕන
මෙහෙම </span><span style="font-size: small;">abc*.txt </span><span style="font-size: small;">මෙන්න
මේවගේ ඒවට යොදාගන්න සලකුණු
අපි හදුන්වනව </span><span style="font-size: small;">wild
card </span><span style="font-size: small;">කියල</span><span style="font-size: small;">.
</span><span style="font-size: small;">මූලිකවම
අපි </span><span style="font-size: small;">wild card </span><span style="font-size: small;">වර්ග
තුනක් ගැන කතා කරනව</span><span style="font-size: small;">.</span></div>
<ol style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<li><div style="font-weight: normal;">
<b>* -</b>මේකෙන්
පුලුවන් string<b> </b>එකක
හරි characters<b> </b>set <span style="font-weight: normal;">එකක
හරි තියෙන දේවල් ගලපල බලන්න</span>.</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
භාවිතා
කරන ආකාර.
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
01. <b>ls * -</b><span style="font-weight: normal;">ඉන්න
ඩිරෙක්ටරි එකේ තියෙන ඔක්කොම
දේවල් පෙන්නනව</span><b>.</b></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
02 .<b>ls m*-</b>ඉන්න
ඩෙරෙක්ටරි එකේ තියෙන <b>m
</b>අකුරෙන් පටන් ගන්න
ඔක්කෙම file <span style="font-weight: normal;">පෙන්නනව</span>.(m
<span style="font-weight: normal;">අකුර
වෙනුවට කැමති එකක් දාගන්න
පුලුවන්</span>)
</div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">03.</span><b>ls *.c</b>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">-extension </span><span style="font-weight: normal;">එක
</span><span style="font-weight: normal;">c </span><span style="font-weight: normal;">තියෙන
හැම </span><span style="font-weight: normal;">file </span><span style="font-weight: normal;">එකක්ම
පෙන්නනව</span><span style="font-weight: normal;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: normal;">04.</span><b>ls ab*.c
-</b><span style="font-weight: normal;">extension </span><span style="font-weight: normal;">එක
</span><span style="font-weight: normal;">c </span><span style="font-weight: normal;">තියෙන
</span><span style="font-weight: normal;">file name </span><span style="font-weight: normal;">එක
</span><span style="font-weight: normal;">ab </span><span style="font-weight: normal;">වලින්
පටන් ගන්න හැම </span><span style="font-weight: normal;">file
</span><span style="font-weight: normal;">එකක්ම
පෙන්නනව</span><span style="font-weight: normal;">.</span><br />
</li>
</ol>
<ol style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><ol><ol start="2">
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>?- </b>මේකෙන්
පුලුවන් ඔනම තනි අකුරක් ගලපල
බලන්න<b>.</b></div>
</li>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b> </b></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b> </b><span style="font-weight: normal;">භාවිතා
කරන ආකාර</span>.
</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b> </b>01.<b>ls
? - </b>file name <span style="font-weight: normal;">එක
තනි අකුරක් විතරක් තියෙන </span>files
<span style="font-weight: normal;">බලාගන්න
පුලුවන්</span>.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
02.<b>ls fo?- </b>fo
<span style="font-weight: normal;">කියල
නම පටන් ගන්න දිග අකුරු තුනක්
වන සියලුම </span>files <span style="font-weight: normal;">බලාගන්න
</span> <span style="font-weight: normal;">පුලුවන්</span>.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<ol style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><ol><ol start="3">
<li><div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>[…] -
</b><span style="font-weight: normal;">වරහන්
දෙක ඇතුලෙ තියෙන ඔනෑම </span>character
<span style="font-weight: normal;">එකක්
ගලපල බලන්න පුලුවන්</span>.</div>
</li>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
භාවිතා
කරන ආකාර.
</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<ol style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><ol><ol><ol><ol>
<li><div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>ls
[mad]* - </b>m , a , d <span style="font-weight: normal;">කියන
අකුරු වලින් පටන් ගන්න සියලුම
</span>files <span style="font-weight: normal;">බලාගන්න
පුලුවන්</span>. <b>ls [a-f]* </b><span style="font-weight: normal;">කියල
දුන්නොත් </span><b>a </b><span style="font-weight: normal;">සිට
</span><b>f </b><span style="font-weight: normal;">දක්වා
නම් වලින් පටන් ගන්න </span>files<b>
</b><span style="font-weight: normal;">බලා
ගන්න පුලුවන්</span><b>.</b></div>
</li>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b> [!a-f] </b><span style="font-weight: normal;">කියල
හරි </span><b>[^a-f] </b><span style="font-weight: normal;">කියල
හරි දුන්නෙත් </span><b>a </b><span style="font-weight: normal;">සිට
</span><b>f </b><span style="font-weight: normal;">දක්වා
නම් වලින් පටන් </span><b> </b><span style="font-weight: normal;">ගන්න
</span>files <span style="font-weight: normal;">ඇර
අනිත් ඒව ඔක්කොම බලා ගන්න
පුලුවන්</span>.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b>
</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b> 20.එකම
කමාන්ඩ් ලයින් එකේ කමාන්ඩ්
කිහිපයක් රන් කිරීම.</b></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
කමාන්ඩ්1;කමාන්ඩ්2
</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
මෙහෙම
රන් කරහම ඒ කමාන්ඩ් දෙකම එක
පාර රන් වෙනව.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
මේක
බලන්නකො.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
date;who</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
දෙකම
කමාන්ඩ්. මේක රන්
කරහම කමාන්ඩ් දෙකේම ප්රතිඑල
පෙන්නනව.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<style type="text/css">
<!--
@page { margin: 0.79in }
P { margin-bottom: 0.08in }
-->
</style>
</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-weight: normal;">21.Command
line </span>Processing </b></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0in;">
ටර්මිනල්
එක open කරල මෙන්න
මෙහෙම ටයිප් කරන්න.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0in;">
ls mad_terminal</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0in;">
එතකොට
මෙන්න මේවගේ error පණිවිඩයක්
පෙන්නාවි
</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0in;">
ls: cannot access mad_terminal: No
such file or directory
</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0in;">
මේකියන්නෙ
mad_terminal කියල file
එකක් හරි directory එකක්
වත් නැතිලු ඒක ඇතුලෙ තියෙන
ඒව පෙන්නන්න. (ls මගින්
පුලුවන්නෙ directory එකක
තියෙන content එක
බලාගන්න)</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0in;">
මෙතනදි
ls කියන්නෙ execute
වෙන කමාන්ඩ් එක ඒකට
ඉස්සරහින් තියෙන ඒවට අපි කියනව
arguments කියල කලින්
කරපු එකේ තියෙන argument එක
තමයි mad_terminal කියන
එක.පහල තියෙන
උදාහරණ වලින් මේගැන පහසුවෙන්
තේරුම් ගන්න පුලුවන් වෙයි.</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<ol style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><ol><ol><ol><ol>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
ls mad - කලින්
කරපු එක වගේමයි. කමාන්ඩ්
එක ls ආගියුමන්ට්
එක mad ආගියුමන්ට්
ගනන එකයි.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
clear - කමාන්ඩ්
එක clear ආගියුමන්ට්
නැත.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
date - කමාන්ඩ්
එක clear ආගියුමන්ට්
නැත.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
tail -22 mad - කමාන්ඩ්
එක tailආගියුමන්ට්
-22 හා mad ආගියුමන්ට්
ගනන දෙකයි.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
cp he he.in-කමාන්ඩ්
එක cpආගියුමන්ට්
he හා he.in
ආගියුමන්ට් ගනන
දෙකයි.</div>
</li>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0in;">
අපි
බලමු ඊළඟට ඇයි මේ arguments කියන
ඒව භාවිතා කරන්නෙ කියල.</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>The Stunnyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02660646168756320662noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8990362700235836508.post-44747220153861622172012-02-07T12:03:00.000+05:302012-02-07T12:03:24.559+05:30Logic Gates පාඩම<br />
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<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> අපි අද බලමු මොනවද මේ logic gate කියන්නෙ කියල.</span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> Digital electronics වල තියෙන සරලම කොටස තමයි මේ logic gates</span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> කියල හදුන්වන්නෙ. මේවත් හරියට අපි දන්න ගේට්ටු වගේ තමයි.ගේට්ටුව </span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">ඇරියොත් විතරයි අපට ඒ හරහා යන්න පුලුවන්කම ලැබෙන්නෙ. ඉතින් මේ </span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">ගේට්ටු ඇරගන්න තියන යතුර තමයි විදුලි බලය.මේ ගැන තව ඉස්සරහදි හොදට </span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">දැනගන්න ලැබෙයි.
Logic gates යොදාගන්නව digital circuits නිර්මාණය කරන්න.</span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> ඔයාල දැනටමත් දන්නව Digital electronics වල තියෙන්නෙ binary number</span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> System එක කියල. ඒ කියන්නෙ 1 හා 0 කියන ඉලක්කම් දෙක විතරයි digital </span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">electronic use කරල හදපු devices වලට තේරෙන්නෙ.අපට මේක පැහැදිලි </span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> කරගන්න පුලුවන් පහල තියෙන පරිපථය බැලුවහම.</span></pre>
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මේ තියෙන්නෙ ස්විව් එකක් දක්වන පරිපථ සටහනන් දෙකක් පළවෙනි එකේ ස්විච් එක</span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">off කරල තියෙන්නෙ(open කරල) දෙවනි එකේ ස්විව් එක on කරල තියෙන්නෙ</span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">(close කරල) පළමු අවස්ථාවෙදි switch එක හරහා විදුලිය ගමන් කරන්නෙ නෑ. </span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">නමුත් දෙවනි අවස්ථාවෙදි නම් විදුලිය ගමන් කරනව.අපි මේ විදුලිය ගමන් කරන </span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">අවස්ථාව 1 කියලත ගමන් නොකරන අවස්ථාව 0 කියලත් හදුන්වනව.</span>
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<table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width: 361px;"><colgroup><col width="56"></col> <col width="187"></col> <col width="92"></col> </colgroup> <tbody>
<tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid #000000; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0.04in;" width="56"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">අවස්ථාව </span> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid #000000; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0.04in;" width="187"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">විදුලිය ගමන් කරයි</span><span style="font-size: x-small;">/</span><span style="font-size: x-small;">නොකරයි</span></span></td><td style="border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 0.04in;" width="92"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">ද්විමය අග</span></span></td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="56"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">OFF</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="187"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;">නොකරයි</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0.04in; padding-top: 0in;" width="92"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span></td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="56"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">ON</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="187"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;">කරයි </span> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0.04in; padding-top: 0in;" width="92"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td></tr>
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මතක තියාගන්න ඕන වැදගත්ම දේ තමයි විදුලිය ගමන් කරනව නම් 1 කියලත් එහෙම</span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> නැත්තම් 0 කියලත් කියන එක.
<b>Logic gates </b><b>තියෙන්නෙ කොහේද</b><b>? </b></span>
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බලන්න පහළ තියෙන පින්තූරෙ දිහා මොකද්ද මේ තියෙන කලුපාට කෑල්ල</span>
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අපි මේකට කියනව integrated circuit කියල කෙටියෙන් IC කියල. හැම එකකම</span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> නොවුනත් මේ IC ඇතුලෙ logic gates අන්තර්ගත කරල තියෙනව.උඩ තියන </span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">පින්තූරෙ තියෙන්නෙ cd 4071 කියන නමින් හදුන්වන IC එක මේකෙ ඇතුලෙ </span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">මෙන්න මේ විදියට OR gate හතරක් අන්තර්ගත කරල තියනව.IC එකේ අග්ර </span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">වලට සම්බන්ධක යොදාගෙන මේව භාවිතා කරන්න පුලුවන්.</span></pre>
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<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b>Logic Gates </b><b>වර්ග</b><b>.</b>
මෙතන ඉදින් අපි කතා කරන්නෙ logic gates වර්ග පිළිබදව.ප්රධාන වශයෙන් </span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">මූලික gates වර්ග තුනක් තියෙනව AND,OR හා NOT කියල මේ තුන මගින් තවත් </span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">gates 3 ක් නිර්මාණය කරල තියෙනව NAND,NOT හා XOR යන නම් වලින් දැන් </span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">එතකොට ඔක්කොම gates වර්ග 6 අපට අදුරගන්න පුලුවන්.පහළ රූපෙ තියනව ඒ ඒ</span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">gates වලට අදාල පරිපථ සලකුණු.</span></pre>
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1. AND GATE</b></span>
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AND GATES ගැන ඉගෙන ගන්න කලින් පහල තියෙන පරිපථය දිහා බලන්න.</span></pre>
<pre class="western">
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-16FJ3cavtSE/TzC6WmK3LgI/AAAAAAAAAWM/-p2FRbvUs8M/s1600/AND+Cuircuit.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="197" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-16FJ3cavtSE/TzC6WmK3LgI/AAAAAAAAAWM/-p2FRbvUs8M/s400/AND+Cuircuit.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">c කියන බල්බ් එක දල්වන්න A හා B කියන ස්විව් දෙකම on කරන්න ඕන කියල </span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">පේනව නේද? අන්න ඒ වගේ තමයි AND gate එකක් ඇරගන්න ස්විච් දෙකම 1 </span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">කරගන්න ඕන ඒ කිව්වෙ on කරගන්න ඕන.</span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> </span></pre>
<pre class="western">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VvLcVS-g1MM/TzC6Xcd9EWI/AAAAAAAAAWQ/rdgPkn37c64/s1600/andGate.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VvLcVS-g1MM/TzC6Xcd9EWI/AAAAAAAAAWQ/rdgPkn37c64/s1600/andGate.gif" /></a>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"></span>
</pre>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">උඩ තියෙනෙ And gate එකේ A හා B කියන්නෙ ස්විව් දෙකක් කියල නිකමට හිතන්නකො</span><br /><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> එතකොට A ස්විව් එක on කරහම A කියන්නෙ 1 කියලත් හිතන්නකො B ත් on කර නිසා B </span><br /><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">ගෙ අගයත් 1 කියල හිතන්න. A හා B දෙකම on උනොත් තමයි And වර්ගයේ ගේට්ටු</span><br /><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> ඇරෙන්නෙ. දැන් y ගෙ අගයත් 1 මොකද දැන් ගේට්ටුව ඇරිල තියන නිසා ගේට්ටුව හරහා</span><br /><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> යන්න ආපු අය ගේට්ටුව හරහා ඇවිත් නිසා.අපි දැන් ආයෙ අර කලින් And සදහා ගනිපු</span><br /><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> circuit එක බලමු.මේක අවස්ථා 4 ක තියෙන්න පුලුවන් කියල පේනවද ?</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> </span><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-16FJ3cavtSE/TzC6WmK3LgI/AAAAAAAAAWM/-p2FRbvUs8M/s1600/AND+Cuircuit.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="197" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-16FJ3cavtSE/TzC6WmK3LgI/AAAAAAAAAWM/-p2FRbvUs8M/s400/AND+Cuircuit.jpg" width="400" /></a><br />
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<pre class="western"> <span style="font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> A ස්විච් එක off(0) B ස්විච් එක off(0)</span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> A ස්විච් එක off(0) B ස්විච් එක on(1)
A ස්විච් එක on(1) B ස්විච් එක off(0)
A ස්විච් එක on(1) B ස්විච් එක on(1) </span>
<span style="font-size: small;">A ස්විච් එක on(1) B ස්විච් එක on(1) කියන අවස්ථාවෙදි තමයි බල්බ් එක</span></span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">දැල්වෙන්නෙ.මේක gate එකටත් අදාලයි.</span></pre>
<pre class="western">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"></span><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VvLcVS-g1MM/TzC6Xcd9EWI/AAAAAAAAAWQ/rdgPkn37c64/s1600/andGate.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VvLcVS-g1MM/TzC6Xcd9EWI/AAAAAAAAAWQ/rdgPkn37c64/s1600/andGate.gif" /></a>
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<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">A</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">B</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Z</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">ON</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">ON</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">ON</span></span><br />
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<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="58">
<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">OFF</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">OFF</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">ON </span></span>
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<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0 </span></span>
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<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">OFF</span></span><br />
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<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="58">
<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">OFF</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">A</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">B</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Z</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span><br />
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<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0.04in; padding-top: 0in;" width="56">
<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span><br />
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<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="58">
<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span><br />
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<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0.04in; padding-top: 0in;" width="56">
<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span><br />
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<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="63">
<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span><br />
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<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="58">
<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1 </span></span>
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<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0 </span></span>
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<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span><br />
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<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="58">
<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span><br />
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<td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0.04in; padding-top: 0in;" width="56">
<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span><br />
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<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">මෙතන තියෙන දෙවනි වගුවට අපි කියනව true tables කියල. gate එක තිබිය</span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> හැකි අවස්ථා තමයි මේ වගුවෙන් පෙන්නනෙ මේ වගුව දිහා හොදට බැලුවහම </span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">පේනව නේද A හා B ගෙ තියන අගයන් ගෙ ගුණිතයට Z සමාන වෙනව කියල. </span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></pre>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">1 * 1 = 1 </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> 1 * 0 = 0 </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> 0 * 1 = 0 </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> 0 * 0 = 0</span></li>
</ol>
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<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">හරිම සරලයි ඒ කියන්නෙ Z = A * B කියන එක. And gate එකක් දැකපු හැටියෙ</span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> මේක මතක් උනොත් හොදටම ඇති. </span></span>
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0ObWbneOqw4/TzC6X576sMI/AAAAAAAAAWY/Q_m-CjcJ3fc/s1600/andGatePracticalIC.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0ObWbneOqw4/TzC6X576sMI/AAAAAAAAAWY/Q_m-CjcJ3fc/s320/andGatePracticalIC.gif" width="320" /></a>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
මේ තියෙන්නෙ and ගේට් 4 ක් තියෙන IC එකක්
<b>
2. OR Gates</b></span></span> </pre>
<pre class="western"> </pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">බලන්න මේ පරිපථය දිහා.</span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-MTKRDjyp2dM/TzC6kY-CFkI/AAAAAAAAAX8/YZD-hSEBxPI/s1600/orCuircit.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="295" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-MTKRDjyp2dM/TzC6kY-CFkI/AAAAAAAAAX8/YZD-hSEBxPI/s320/orCuircit.jpg" width="320" /></a>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">
කලින් වගේම ස්විව් දෙකක් තියෙනව හැබැයි දෙකෙන් ඕනම එකක් on කරොත්</span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">බල්බ් එක පත්තු කරන්න පුලුවන් දෙකම off කරොත් විතරයි බල්බ් එක දැල්වෙන්නෙ</span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">නැත්තෙ. OR කියන වර්ගයේ ගේට්ටු ඇරගන්න එක ස්විච් එකක් on කරගත්තහම ඇති.</span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">බලන්න පහල තියෙන true table එක දිහා </span><span style="font-size: small;"></span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sVLulWdnzQ8/TzC6luaHqrI/AAAAAAAAAYE/5v4IfY31XUI/s1600/ORGate.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sVLulWdnzQ8/TzC6luaHqrI/AAAAAAAAAYE/5v4IfY31XUI/s1600/ORGate.gif" /></a>
</pre>
<table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width: 195px;"><colgroup><col width="63"></col> <col width="60"></col> <col width="47"></col> </colgroup> <tbody>
<tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid #000000; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0.04in;" width="63"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">A</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid #000000; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0.04in;" width="60"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">B</span></span></td><td style="border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 0.04in;" width="47"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Y</span></span></td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="63"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="60"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0.04in; padding-top: 0in;" width="47"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span></td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="63"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="60"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0.04in; padding-top: 0in;" width="47"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="63"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="60"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0.04in; padding-top: 0in;" width="47"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="63"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="60"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0.04in; padding-top: 0in;" width="47"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">මේ වගුවවෙත් රටාවක් පේනව නේද? A හා B ගෙ අගයන්ගෙ එකතුව නේද </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Y ට තියෙන්නෙ?
0 + 0 = 0
0 + 1 = 1
1 + 0 = 1
1 + 1 = 1
* ඔයාල බලයි 1 + 1 කොහොමද 2 නොවී 1 උනේ කියල මතක තියාගන්න </span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">1 + 1 = 2 වෙන්නෙ දහයෙ පාදයෙ ඉලක්කම් වල බව අපි දැන් use කරන්නෙ</span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">දෙකේ පාදයේ ඉලක්කම්. දෙකේ පාදයෙන් 1 + 1 = 10 අපි අග තියන 0 ඉවත් </span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">කරල 1 + 1 = 1 කියල ලියනව.
ඕන්න එහෙනම් OR GATE එකේ පොදු සමීකරණය තමයි
A + B = Y </span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> </span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">කියන එක.OR GATE එක දැක්ක ගමන් මේක මතක් </span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">වෙන්න ඕන.පහල තියෙන්නෙ or ගේට් තියෙන IC එකක්. 7432 කියන IC එක.
</span></span><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-csrrJ3b4n1o/TzC6mksfCUI/AAAAAAAAAYM/3oCx0sn2jhw/s1600/ORGatePractical.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-csrrJ3b4n1o/TzC6mksfCUI/AAAAAAAAAYM/3oCx0sn2jhw/s1600/ORGatePractical.gif" /></a>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
<b>3.NOT GATE </b></span>
<span style="font-size: small;">මේක තමයි තියෙන සරලම ගේට් එක.ඒ වගේම මේක ටිකක් අමුතුයි.මේ</span></span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> ගේට්ටුවෙන් කවුරු හරි යන්න ආවොත් ගේට්ටුව වැහෙනවා.ගේට්ටුව හරහා යන්න </span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">කවුරුත් නැත්තම් ගේට්ටුව ඇරිල තියෙන්නෙ. පිස්සු නේද ? ඒත් ඒ මේකෙ හැටි </span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">එහෙමයි.බලන්න පහල තියෙන පරිපථය.</span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></pre>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8si8sLTxSqk/TzC6hLW7V8I/AAAAAAAAAXg/3yvMj8vmrv8/s1600/NOTCuircuit.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8si8sLTxSqk/TzC6hLW7V8I/AAAAAAAAAXg/3yvMj8vmrv8/s320/NOTCuircuit.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></pre>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">මේකෙ තියන ස්විච් එක කලින් ඒවයෙ තිබුනට වඩා වෙනස් නේද? නිතරම පරිපථය සම්බන්ධ</span><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">වෙලාමයි තියෙන්නෙ.අපි ස්විච් එක press කරොත තමයි පරිපථය බිදිල බල්බ් එක දැල්වීම</span><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> නවතින්නෙ.</span><br />
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<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">බලන්න true table එක හරිම සරලයි.</span></pre>
<dl>
<dl>
<dl>
<dl>
<dl>
<dl>
<dl><dd><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width: 109px;"><colgroup><col width="48"></col> <col width="43"></col> </colgroup> <tbody>
<tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid #000000; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0.04in;" width="48"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">A</span></span></td><td style="border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 0.04in;" width="43"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Y</span></span></td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="48"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0.04in; padding-top: 0in;" width="43"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="48"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0.04in; padding-top: 0in;" width="43"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</dd></dl>
</dl>
</dl>
</dl>
</dl>
</dl>
</dl>
<pre class="western"> </pre>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">A ගෙ අනුපූරකය එහෙමත් නැත්තම් විරුද්ධ එක තමයි Y ට ලැබෙන්නෙ.ඒක මෙන්න මේ විදියට ලියන්න පුලුවන්.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> A = Y'</span><br />
<br />
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<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b>4. NAND GATE </b>
මම මුලින්ම කිව්වනෙ AND , OR හා NOT කියන මූලික ගේට් </span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">වලින් තමයි අනිත් Gates නිර්මාණය වෙලා තියෙන්නෙ කියල ඉතින් NAND gate </span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">එක හදල තියෙන්නෙ AND හා NOT ගේට් දෙක එකට බද්ධ කරල බලන්න පහල </span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">තියෙන රූපෙ.</span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> </span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> </span></pre>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tQvRTmCLhRc/TzC6bitklgI/AAAAAAAAAW4/nFiEZgrbnVQ/s1600/CombindNAND.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="127" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tQvRTmCLhRc/TzC6bitklgI/AAAAAAAAAW4/nFiEZgrbnVQ/s320/CombindNAND.gif" width="320" /></a></div>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"></span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;">දෙවනි එකේ තමයි නියම සලකුණ බොලෙන් තමයි අදුරගන්නෙ not එකක් තියෙනව</span></span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">කියල.AND ගේට් එකේ output එක AB කියල මතකයි නෙ ඒක ආයෙමත් NOT </span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">එකක් හරහා ගියහම AB' වෙනව.මේක හොදට තේරුම් ගන්න පුලුවන් true table </span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">එක බැලුවහම.</span>
</pre>
<table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width: 207px;"><colgroup><col width="45"></col> <col width="42"></col> <col width="44"></col> <col width="43"></col> </colgroup> <tbody>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid #000000; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0.04in;" valign="TOP" width="45"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">A</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid #000000; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0.04in;" valign="TOP" width="42"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">B</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid #000000; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0.04in;" width="44"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">AB</span></span></td><td style="border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 0.04in;" width="43"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">AB'</span></span></td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="45"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="42"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="44"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0.04in; padding-top: 0in;" width="43"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="45"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="42"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="44"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0.04in; padding-top: 0in;" width="43"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="45"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="42"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="44"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0.04in; padding-top: 0in;" width="43"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="45"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="42"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="44"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0.04in; padding-top: 0in;" width="43"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">මේ table එකේ පියවර දෙකට දක්වල තියෙන්නෙ AB කියන්නෙ AND ගේට් එකේ </span><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">output එක.</span><br />
<table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width: 195px;"><colgroup><col width="63"></col> <col width="60"></col> <col width="47"></col> </colgroup> <tbody>
<tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid #000000; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0.04in;" width="63"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">A</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid #000000; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0.04in;" width="60"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">B</span></span></td><td style="border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 0.04in;" width="47"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Y'</span></span></td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="63"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="60"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0.04in; padding-top: 0in;" width="47"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="63"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="60"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0.04in; padding-top: 0in;" width="47"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="63"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="60"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0.04in; padding-top: 0in;" width="47"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="63"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="60"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0.04in; padding-top: 0in;" width="47"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-W81P7Y0yAnc/TzC6efqaUwI/AAAAAAAAAXM/8ZOXXAtLjk0/s1600/NandPRactical.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7tDjFaZXNv0/TzC6fG74dNI/AAAAAAAAAXU/PKAnlUpp9VA/s1600/NorGateCombind.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">මේකෙ සමීකරණේ තමයි
(A * B)' = Y
A * B ගෙ සම්පූර්ණ ගුණිතය තමයි y ට සමාන වෙන්නෙ.මේ ගේට් </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">එක මතක තියා ගන්න එක සමාන input එකක් දුන්නොත් තමයි ගේට්ටුව </span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">වැහෙන්නෙ කියල.
</span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-W81P7Y0yAnc/TzC6efqaUwI/AAAAAAAAAXM/8ZOXXAtLjk0/s1600/NandPRactical.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-W81P7Y0yAnc/TzC6efqaUwI/AAAAAAAAAXM/8ZOXXAtLjk0/s1600/NandPRactical.gif" /></a><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"></span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">
NOR GATE
මේකත් හැදිල තියෙන්නෙ OR හා NOT ගේට්ටු දෙකක එකතුවීමෙන්.</span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7tDjFaZXNv0/TzC6fG74dNI/AAAAAAAAAXU/PKAnlUpp9VA/s1600/NorGateCombind.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="131" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7tDjFaZXNv0/TzC6fG74dNI/AAAAAAAAAXU/PKAnlUpp9VA/s320/NorGateCombind.gif" width="320" /></a>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span></pre>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">A හා B අගයන් දෙක OR ගේට් එක මගින් එකතු කරල දෙකකොට not එක මගින් ඒක කනපිට</span><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> හරවන එක තමයි කරන්නෙ.true table එක මෙහෙමයි.</span><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width: 195px;"><colgroup><col width="63"></col> <col width="60"></col> <col width="47"></col> </colgroup> <tbody>
<tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid #000000; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0.04in;" width="63"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">A</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid #000000; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0.04in;" width="60"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">B</span></span></td><td style="border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 0.04in;" width="47"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Y</span></span></td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="63"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="60"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0.04in; padding-top: 0in;" width="47"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="63"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="60"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0.04in; padding-top: 0in;" width="47"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span></td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="63"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="60"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0.04in; padding-top: 0in;" width="47"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span></td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="63"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="60"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0.04in; padding-top: 0in;" width="47"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
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<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">සමීකරණෙ මෙහෙමයි (A + B)' = Y</span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">input එකට 1 ගෑවිලාවත් තිබුනොත් output එක 0 වෙනව කියල මතක තියාගන්න.</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EjbUl5kcvbY/TzC6gBL6nyI/AAAAAAAAAXY/sejSiYEMgPo/s1600/NorPractigal.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EjbUl5kcvbY/TzC6gBL6nyI/AAAAAAAAAXY/sejSiYEMgPo/s1600/NorPractigal.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">XOR Gate
මේක තමයි අන්තිමට ඉගෙන ගන්න තියෙන gate එක ඒ වගේම තියෙන</span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> වෙනස්ම විදියෙ gate එක තමයි මේක.</span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"></span><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-r1M7O-GBB74/TzC6oHEeHcI/AAAAAAAAAYY/FBku8DtaTeQ/s1600/XorGate.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-r1M7O-GBB74/TzC6oHEeHcI/AAAAAAAAAYY/FBku8DtaTeQ/s1600/XorGate.gif" /></a>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">
මේකෙන් වෙන වැඩේ ලේසියෙන් මතක තියාගන්න පුලුවන් මේ විදියට එකිනෙකට</span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> අසමාන input ලබා දුන්නොත් output එක 1 වෙනව. Input දෙක සමාන නම් </span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">output එක 0 වෙනව. මේකෙ true table එක එන්නෙ මෙහෙමයි.</span></pre>
<pre class="western">
</pre>
<table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width: 195px;"><colgroup><col width="63"></col> <col width="60"></col> <col width="47"></col> </colgroup> <tbody>
<tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid #000000; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0.04in;" width="63"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">A</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: 1px solid #000000; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0.04in;" width="60"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">B</span></span></td><td style="border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 0.04in;" width="47"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Y</span></span></td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="63"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="60"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0.04in; padding-top: 0in;" width="47"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span></td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="63"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="60"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0.04in; padding-top: 0in;" width="47"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="63"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="60"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0.04in; padding-top: 0in;" width="47"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td></tr>
<tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="63"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" width="60"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-top: none; padding-bottom: 0.04in; padding-left: 0.04in; padding-right: 0.04in; padding-top: 0in;" width="47"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">මතක තියා ගන්න මේකෙ සමීකරණෙ AB' + A'B = y </span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">
මේ තියෙන්නෙ XOR ගේට් තියෙන IC එකක්.</span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"></span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-AaFjEuLPKWA/TzC6ojXUpSI/AAAAAAAAAYk/QAyB_JEN8rE/s1600/xorPractical.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-AaFjEuLPKWA/TzC6ojXUpSI/AAAAAAAAAYk/QAyB_JEN8rE/s1600/xorPractical.gif" /></a>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">
අපි දැන් ඉගෙන ගනිපු gates වල කියාකාරීත්වය තව දුරටත් පැහැදිලි කරගන්න මෙන්න මේ </span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"> web site එකට යන්න
<a href="http://www.neuroproductions.be/logic-lab/index.php?id=52" title="hear ">http://www.neuroproductions.be/logic-lab/index.php?id=52</a>
මෙතන තියෙන ඒව ඇත්ත gates වගේම ක්රියා කරනව. ඔන්න දැන් පාඩම නම් ඉවරයි මම </span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">හිතනව කට්ටිය යම් දෙයක් ඉගෙන ගන්න ඇති කියල. පොඩ්ඩක් මොලේ කල්පනා කරොත් </span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">අපට පුලුවන් මේව ප්රයෝගික දේවල් සදහා යොදා ගන්න පුලුවන්. කමෙන්ට් එකක් දාල </span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;">යන්න අමතක කරන්න එපා.</span></pre>The Stunnyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02660646168756320662noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8990362700235836508.post-29346161854174452992012-02-02T08:19:00.000+05:302012-02-02T08:51:30.104+05:30flow charts පාඩම<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LOEWoUfs9OM/Tyn4-pkStoI/AAAAAAAAAWE/665toav8_8g/s1600/cutcaster-photo-800899248-abstract-flowchart-or-mind-map.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" height="266" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LOEWoUfs9OM/Tyn4-pkStoI/AAAAAAAAAWE/665toav8_8g/s400/cutcaster-photo-800899248-abstract-flowchart-or-mind-map.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> </span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">මම කියල දෙන්න හදන්නෙ flow chart ගැන... ම්ම්ම්ම්ම් මුලින්ම බලමු මොනවද මේ</span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> flow chart කියන්නෙ කියල. සරලම අර්ත දැක්වීම විදියට කියනව නම් flow chart එකක් </span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">කියල කියන්නෙ diagram(රෑප සටහනකට) එකකට හරියට චිත්රයක් වගේ එකක්. </span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">අපට මේ චිත්ර(flow charts) වලින් අදහස් තේරුම් ගන්න පුලුවන් ඒ වගේම අදහස් ඉදිරිපත්</span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> කරන්න පුලුවන්. </span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">අපි බලමු මොනවගේ අදහස් ද මේවයින් ඉදිරිපත් කරන්න පුලුවන් කියල.</span>
<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">1. algorithm
2. process</span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">
මම කලින් කියපු දේවල් තේරුනා කියල මම හිතනව. ඉතින් flow chart එකකින් අපට </span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">පුලුවන් process එකක් හරි algorithm එකක් හරි Graphical ඉදිරිපත් කරන්න.</span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">මේව අදින එක හරිම ලේසියි. අපි දැන් පියවරෙන් පියවර බලමු කොහොමද මේව</span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> අදින්නෙ කියල.</span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">
අපි මුලින්ම බලල ඉමු සරල උදාහරණ දෙකක් </span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">1.</span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><img alt="" height="387" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-uBsi4fW3bCE/TylxO87Ql4I/AAAAAAAAASk/DLZdAxRVW7c/%25255BUNSET%25255D.png" width="335" />
<span style="font-size: medium;">මේ තියෙන්නෙ සරල flow chart එකක්. මේකෙ මුලින්ම කරල තියෙන්නෙ x හා y </span></span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">කියල memory locations (Variables ) දෙකකට 10 හා 20 දාගෙන තියෙනව</span>
<span style="font-size: medium;"> ඊළගට ඒ දෙකේ එකතුව Tot කියල තවත් variable එකකට යොදල ඒ Tot කියන</span></span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> Variable එකේ අගය Display කිරීම සිදු කරල තියෙනව. </span> </span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">2.</span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><img alt="" height="300" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-HD4mUc45d5s/Tylx2xsLDQI/AAAAAAAAASs/9st_TepyfJI/%25255BUNSET%25255D.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="220" /></span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">
මෙතන තියෙන සටහන මගින් පෙන්නන්නෙ වැඩ කරන්නෙ නැති lamp එකක් </span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">පිළිබද කතාවක්.මේ සටහන අනූව අපට තීරණයකට
එන්න පුලුවන් lamp එක නිසි ආකාරව ක්රියා කරන්නෙ නැත්තෙ ඇයි කියල.
මුලිනම අපි දැනගන්න ඕන flow charts වල තියෙන සලකුණු ටිකක් flow charts </span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">කියන්නෙ භාෂාවක් කියල හිතුවොත් ඒ භාෂාවෙ තියන අකුරු වගේ තමයි මේව </span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">ඒ නිසා මේව මතක තියෙන්න ඕන හොදට. </span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><img alt="" height="318" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-_XrJFvv_WwE/TylzeVzJx0I/AAAAAAAAAS0/iVT34icopAM/%25255BUNSET%25255D.png" style="float: left;" width="176" />
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">මේ සලකුණෙන් තමයි </span></span>program එකක</span>
<span style="font-size: medium;"> අවසානය හෝ ආරම්භය නිරෑපනය කරන්නෙ</span>.</span></span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">
process එකක් එහෙමත් නැත්තම් කියාවලියක් දක්වන්නෙ
මේ මගින්
</span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">input හෝ output එකක් පෙන්නනෙ මේ මගින් </span>
<span style="font-size: medium;">
මේකෙන් තමයි Decision එකක් නිරෑපනය කරන්නෙ.
තීරණයක් ගත්ත වගේ වැඩක් </span><span style="font-size: medium;">කියල මතක තියා
ගන්න( දෙකෙන් එකක් තෝර ගන්නව ව්ගේ)</span></span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">මේක තමයි සම්බන්ධකයක් වගේ join කිරීම් වලට
යොදා ගන්නෙ.</span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"></span> </pre>
<pre class="western"> </pre>
<pre class="western"><a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-Gs9fKQBq6CI/Tyl0vx2I36I/AAAAAAAAAS8/zZs2eKHkRD4/%25255BUNSET%25255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" height="69" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-Gs9fKQBq6CI/Tyl0vx2I36I/AAAAAAAAAS8/zZs2eKHkRD4/%25255BUNSET%25255D.png" width="143" /></a><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> flow lines කියන්නෙ මේවට තමයි chart එකක එක එක
සලකුණු යා වෙන්නෙ මේ </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> ඊතළ වලින් තමයි.</span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">
මම මෙතන දීපුවට අමතරව තව සලකුණු කිහිපයක් තියෙනව.ඒත් මේ සලකුණු
තමයි ගොඩක් දුරට භාවිතා වෙන්නෙ.
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
දැන් බලමු මේ සලකුණු සම්බන්ධ විශේෂිත කරුණු ටිකක්.</b></span></span></span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
1. <span style="font-size: medium;">නිතරම Process symbol එකකට එන්නෙ එක flow line එකක් විතරයි.
ඒක තිරස් හෝ සිරස් අතට එන්න පුලුවන්. </span><span style="font-size: medium;">පහල තියන රෑප සටහන් බලන්න.
(ඊතල හිස් එකයි එන්නෙ)</span></span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><img alt="" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-dMhs-xhiO1o/Tyl1eCcxVfI/AAAAAAAAATE/a5uw0nMfeTI/%25255BUNSET%25255D.gif" style="float: left;" /> <img alt="" height="60" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-JZ8vxBNT_1Y/Tyl1kJF90TI/AAAAAAAAATM/RNVSTZ3WeiY/%25255BUNSET%25255D.gif" width="57" /></span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">2. <span style="font-size: medium;">Decision symbol එකකට flow lineහතරක් සම්බන්ධ කරන්න පුලුවන්
මෙන්න මේ විදියට.</span>
<img alt="" height="115" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-bRlZh-wvIdY/Tyl1_veLuXI/AAAAAAAAATU/8aMvv4BsiDo/%25255BUNSET%25255D.gif" width="159" /> </span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">
අවම වශයෙන් දෙකක් සම්බන්ධ වෙනව.කොහොම උනත් අනිවාර්යයෙන්
එක flow line එකක් input එකක් විදියට තියෙන්න ඕන. </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">අනිත් තුනෙන් එකක්
හෝ තුනම උනත් output විදියට තියෙන්න පුලුවන්. Output එකක් තිබුනත් ඊට
වැඩි ගානක් තිබුනත් Decision symbol එකක් හරහා යනකොට එක පාරකට
යන්න පුලුවන් එක flow line එකක් හරහා පමණයි. උඩ තියන පින්තුරෙ දිහා
බැලුවොත් පෙනෙයි < 0 , > 0 , =0 කියන condition තුන output විදියට තියෙන
flow line තුනට අදාලව ලියල තියන බව ඒකෙන් අදහස් වෙන්නෙ ඒ condition
තුනෙන් true වෙන එකට අදාල flow line එක හරහා තමයි යන්නෙ කියන එක.
මේ ගැන පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඉස්සරහදි ලැබෙයි.</span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">3. <span style="font-size: medium;">Start හෝ Stop කියන symbol එකට flow line එන්න හෝ යන්න පුලුවන් එකයි.
බලන්න පහල තියන රෑප සටහන්.</span></span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><img alt="" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/--AVYCBGrdAE/Tyl2W4ctnnI/AAAAAAAAATc/CAZhTOkQuLI/%25255BUNSET%25255D.gif" /> <img alt="" height="88" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-edv0Nx4mHXo/Tyl2f3GvP5I/AAAAAAAAATk/ECtaeRIFaO0/%25255BUNSET%25255D.gif" width="133" /></span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">4. <span style="font-size: medium;">flow chart එකක් අදිනකොට ඒකට logical order එකක් තියෙන්න ඕන. මේ order
එක flow chart එක අදින කෙනා අනූව සමහර විට </span><span style="font-size: medium;">වෙනස් වෙන්න පුලුවන්. හොහොම
උනත් තමන් මේක ගැලපෙන විදියට හදා ගන්න ඕන. අපි මේ ගැන උදාහරණයකින්
පැහැදිලි කරගමු.</span></span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><img alt="" height="512" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-2g6IDKPmGP8/Tyl3q3WFIuI/AAAAAAAAATs/8NIWlcRVtMg/%25255BUNSET%25255D.png" width="408" /><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">
මේ chart එකේ තියෙන්න හැමෝගෙම ගෙදර තියෙන විදුලි බල්බ ගැන සටහනක්.
හොදට බලන්න මේ සටහන දිහා අපි ගොඩක් දුරට කියා</span><span style="font-size: medium;">කරන්නෙ මේ පිළිවෙළට
නේද ? නැත්තම් බල්බ එක පත්තු නොවෙනකොටම switch එක මාරු කරල බලන්නෙ
නෑ නෙ එහෙමත් නැත්තම්</span> <span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">විදුලි කාර්මිකයෙකුගේ සහය ලබා ගන්න යන්නෙ නෑ නෙ</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">.
</span></span></span></span><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">මෙන්න මේකට තමයි අපි </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">logic </span></span></span></span><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">එකේ පිළිවෙල කියල කියන්නෙ</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">.</span></span></span></span><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">සමහර කියාවලි වලට
එකම පිළිවෙළ තියෙන්න පුලුවන් එහෙමත් නැත්තම් </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">flow chat </span></span></span></span><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">එක අදින කෙනා අනූවත්
මේක වෙනස් වෙන්න පුලුවන්</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: medium;">5</span>. <span style="font-size: medium;">flow chart </span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">එකක් අදිනකොට ඒක පිරිසිදුව පිළිවෙලට අදින්න ඕන</span><span style="text-decoration: none;">.</span></span></span></span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">6. flow chart </span><span style="text-decoration: none;">එකක් අදින්න ඕන වමේ සිට දකුණට එහෙමත් නැත්තනම් උඩ ඉදල පහලට</span><span style="text-decoration: none;">.</span></span></span></span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">7. flow chart </span><span style="text-decoration: none;">එකක් ගොඩක් </span><span style="text-decoration: none;">complex </span><span style="text-decoration: none;">වෙනව නම් බෝලෙ වගේ සලකුණ </span></span></span></span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">ඒ කිව්වෙ</span><span style="text-decoration: none;">connector </span><span style="text-decoration: none;">එක යොදාගන්න ඕන</span><span style="text-decoration: none;">.</span></span></span></span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><img alt="" height="512" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-jQ1qzRGi2DQ/Tyl4qSkL_wI/AAAAAAAAAT0/j6K31f76lYo/%25255BUNSET%25255D.png" width="499" /> <span style="color: black;">
</span><span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">8. flow chart </span><span style="text-decoration: none;">එකේ </span><span style="text-decoration: none;">start </span><span style="text-decoration: none;">එකයි </span><span style="text-decoration: none;">end </span><span style="text-decoration: none;">එකයි දාන්න අමතක කරන්න එපා</span><span style="text-decoration: none;">. </span></span></span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><img alt="" height="478" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-aer6IFWaUpk/Tyl5QsCzbeI/AAAAAAAAAT8/HhkMg8NGOm8/%25255BUNSET%25255D.png" width="512" /></span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">
ඔන්න දැන් flow charts ගැන දැනගන්න ඕන ගොඩක් දේවල් මම කියල දුන්න. මෙතන
ඉදන් කරන්න තියෙන්නෙ පහල මම දීල තියෙන උදාගරණ හොදට බලන එක තමයි. </span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">1.</span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><img alt="" height="482" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-mOYlBDwUUtU/Tyl52i17I4I/AAAAAAAAAUE/LSJRMNDRrDE/%25255BUNSET%25255D.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="336" /></span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">2. </span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><img alt="" height="512" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-YAUug_tjKXQ/Tyl6p9j7HgI/AAAAAAAAAUM/RAx4vjfpW8A/%25255BUNSET%25255D.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="503" /></span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">3.</span></pre>
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<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">මේ උදාහරණෙ </span>condition symbol <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">කිහිපයක් භාවිතා කරල තියනව කියල පේනව
නේද</span>? Marks <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">කියන වේරියබල් එකට යොදාගන්න ලකුණු ප්රමාණය </span>75 <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">වැඩිනම් </span> </span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">pass <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">කියල ප්රින්ට් වෙනව අඩු නම් ඊළග </span>condition <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">එක රන් වෙනව එතනදිත් </span>
50 <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">වැඩිනම් </span>"credit ” <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">කියල ප්රින්ට් වෙනව නැත්තම් ඊළග </span>condition <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">එක රන් </span></span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">වෙනව</span>.<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">මෙහෙම දිගටම සිද්ධ වෙනව</span>.</span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">4. </span></pre>
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<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">
මෙතනදි දීල තියෙන condition එක false වෙනකම් "Hi flow” කියල ප්රින්ට් වෙන එක
සිදුවෙනව. ඒ කියන්නෙ x ගෙ අගය 10ට සමාන වෙනකම්ම කියා කරනව කියන එක </span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">x = x+1 කියන ප්රොසෙස් එකෙන් තමයි x ගෙ අගය එකින් එක වැඩි කරන්නෙ.</span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">ඒ කෙන් නිතරම x ගෙ තියන අගට එකක් එකතු කරල ආයෙ xට ම ඒ නව අගය එකතු</span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">කිරීම සිද්ධ කරනව. For loop ඉදිරිපත් කරන්න මේ ක්රමය යොදා ගන්නව.
5.</span></pre>
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<pre class="western">
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">මේකත් කලින් එක වගේම තමයි හැබැයි වෙනසකට තියෙන්නෙ condition එක check
කරන්නෙ අන්තිමට .කොහොම හරි condition එක false </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">වෙනකම් කියාවලිය දිගටම
සිද්ධවෙනව. Do while loop ඉදිරිපත් කරන්න මේ ක්රමය යොදා ගන්නව.</span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">6.</span></pre>
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<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">
<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">මේ </span>flow chart <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">එකෙන් පැහැදිලි කරන්නෙ </span>case statement <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">එක පිළිබදව</span>. <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">අපි
ඇතුලත කරන පළතුරේ නමට අදාල ප්රොසෙස් එක සිදුවෙනව</span>. </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">Switch <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">කිරීමක්
තමයි සිඳ්ධ වෙන්නෙ වරකට එක ප්රොසෙස් එකක් විතරයි සිද්ධ වෙන්නෙ</span>. </span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">7.<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">මේ තියෙන්නෙ </span>customer <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">කෙනෙකුට භාණ්ඩ අලෙවි කිරීමක් පැහැදිලි
කරන </span>chart <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">එකක්</span>.</span></pre>
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<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> 8.software development <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">වලදි යොදා ගන්න </span>flow chart <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">එකක්</span>.</span></span></pre>
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<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">
9. <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">වාහනයක ටයරයක් මාරු කිරීම දැක්වෙන </span>flow chart <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">එකක් තමයි මෙතන
දක්වල තියෙන්නෙ</span>.</span></span></pre>
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<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">10.<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">ගෙයක් පේන්ට් කිරීමක් සම්බන්ධ දේවල් තමයි මේකෙන් පෙන්නුම් කරන්නෙ</span>.</span></pre>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-UypRZ0SiiZQ/Tynt3qvuiOI/AAAAAAAAAVU/9oOct59U9VE/s1600/basic_flowchart_house_painting.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" height="640" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-UypRZ0SiiZQ/Tynt3qvuiOI/AAAAAAAAAVU/9oOct59U9VE/s640/basic_flowchart_house_painting.png" width="384" /></a></div>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">
11.</span></pre>
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<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">
12.<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">මේ තියෙන්නෙ </span>Vista Os <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">එක </span>upgrade <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">කරන්න පුලුවන් විදිය
කියන </span>flow chart <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">එක</span>.</span></pre>
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<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">
13.</span></pre>
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<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">මේකෙ සිදුවන ක්රියාවලිය</span>.</span>
<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">
1. int type <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">එකෙන් </span>x <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">හා </span>tot <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">කියල වේරියබල් දෙකක් </span>create <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">කරනව</span>.
2. x <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">හා </span>tot <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">වේරියබල් දෙකට </span>1 <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">හා </span>0 <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">ආදේශ කරනව</span>.
3. x , <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">දහයට වඩා කුඩාද </span>? <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">සමානද </span>check <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">කරනව</span>. <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">කුඩා නම් </span>x <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">ට </span>2 <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">ක්
එකතු කරල ඒකට </span>tot <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">හි අගය එකතු කරනව</span>. <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">දැන් ඒ සම්පූර්ණ අගය </span> </span></span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> tot <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">කියන වේරියබල් එකට ආදේශ කිරීම සිදුකරන්ව</span>. <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;">
බලන්න ඒක පැහැදිලි කරල තියනව</span>.</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: black; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">
tot = tot + (x+2) </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">පළමු පියවරේදි මෙහෙමයි මේකෙ අගයන් තියෙන්නෙ</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: black; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">.
tot =0 , x= 1 </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">ඒ නිසා </span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: black; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">tot = 0 + (1+2) </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">මුලින්ම </span><span style="text-decoration: none;">
tot </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">ගෙ තියෙන </span><span style="text-decoration: none;">0 </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">අගය </span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: medium;">0 </span>+ (1+2) </span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">මගින් </span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">replace </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-decoration: none;">වෙනව</span><span style="text-decoration: none;">. </span></span>
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">
4</span></span>.<span style="color: black; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">මේ පියවරේදි </span><span style="text-decoration: none;">x </span><span style="text-decoration: none;">ගෙ අගය එකකින් වැඩිවීම සිදු වෙනව</span><span style="text-decoration: none;">.</span></span>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: small;">5.condition</span> </span></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">එකේදි </span></span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace; font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">x </span></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">ගෙ අගය </span></span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: small;">10</span> </span></span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">වඩා වැඩි උනොත් </span></span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace; font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">tot </span></span><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: none;">වේරියබල් </span></span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large; text-decoration: none;">එකේ අගය ප්රින්ට් වෙනව</span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans Mono,monospace;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">.</span></span></span> condition <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">එක 10 වරක් රන් වෙන නිසා අපි </span></pre>
<pre class="western"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">ඒ වාර 10 දි ලැබෙන අගයන්</span> table <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">එකකට දාල බලමු.</span></pre>
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<pre class="western"><span style="font-size: medium;">14. </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">
1 සිට 5 දක්වා තියෙන තිකෝණ ඉලක්කම් display කරන flow chart එකක් තමයි
මේ තියෙන්නෙ.කලින් උදාහරණේ විදියට ඔයාල වගුවක් ඇදල බලන්න.
එතකොට මේක වෙන්නෙ කොහොමද කියල හොදට තේරේවි
(x, y හා display කරන x ගෙ අගය වගුව සදහා යොදා ගන්න.)</span> </pre>
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</pre>The Stunnyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02660646168756320662noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8990362700235836508.post-12307812520203135122012-01-06T07:48:00.000+05:302012-02-01T22:22:30.046+05:30ලිනක්ස් වල wireless නැති අයට (wireless drivers for linux)<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jvG3WirQkjU/TwZZiRE8pYI/AAAAAAAAASA/VQdbAfopAB4/s1600/keyser-tux-wifi-logo-23001.png"><img src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jvG3WirQkjU/TwZZiRE8pYI/AAAAAAAAASA/VQdbAfopAB4/s320/keyser-tux-wifi-logo-23001.png" border="0" alt="" width="320" height="320" /></a></div><p> <!-- @page { margin: 0.79in } PRE.cjk { font-family: "Droid Sans Fallback", monospace } P { margin-bottom: 0.08in } CODE.cjk { font-family: "Droid Sans Fallback", monospace } A:link { so-language: zxx } --><br /><!-- @page { margin: 0.79in } PRE.cjk { font-family: "Droid Sans Fallback", monospace } P { margin-bottom: 0.08in } CODE.cjk { font-family: "Droid Sans Fallback", monospace } A:link { so-language: zxx } - --><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;">ගොඩක් දෙනෙකුට තියෙන ප්‍රශ්නයක් තමයි ලිනක්ස් පදනම් උන </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;">os </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;">එකක් </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;">laptop </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;">එකකට දාගත්තහම </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;">lap </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;">එකේ </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;">wireless (wifi) </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;">හා </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;">Bluetooth Drivers </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;">එහෙම භාවිතයට ගන්න නොහැකිවීම</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;">.</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;">මම කියන්නම් දැන් කොහොමද ඒ ප්‍රශ්නෙ විසදගන්නෙ කියල</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;">.</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;">මේක ටිකක් විතර සරල වැඩක් අපි දැන් බලමු කොහොමද මේක කරන්නෙ කියල</span><br /><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"> මුලින්ම </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;">terminal </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;">එක </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;">open </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;">කරල මෙහම </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;">type </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;">කරන්න</span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;">.</span><br /><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span style="color: maroon;">lshw</span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span style="color: maroon;"> </span></span><span style="color: maroon; font-size: large;"> </span><span style="color: maroon; font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;">දැන් </span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;">password </span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;">එක ඉල්ලුවොත් ඒක දෙන්න</span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;">.</span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;">මෙතනින් ඔයාලට බලාගන්න පුලුවන් ඔයාලගෙ </span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;">computer </span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;">එකේ තියන සියලුම </span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;">hardwares device </span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;">ටික</span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;">.(</span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;">මම මේක කිව්වෙ දැනගැනීම පිණිස</span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;">)</span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;">ඔයාල දැනගන්න ඕන ඔයාලගෙ කම්පියුටර් එකේ තියෙන ලිනක්ස් කර්නල් එකේ </span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;">version </span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;">එක</span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;">. </span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;">ඒක දැනගන්න මේ කමාන්ඩ් එක රන් කරවන්න</span></span><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi; font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;">.</span></span><br /><span style="color: black; font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;"><code class="western"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;">uname -r</span></span></code><code class="western"><span style="color: black;"> </span></code><code class="ctl"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"> </span></span></code></span><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><code class="ctl"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"> එතකොට මෙන්න මේ වගේ </span></span></code><code class="western"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;">output </span></span></code><code class="ctl"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;">එකක් පෙන්නාවි</span></span></code><code class="western"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;">.</span></span></code><code class="western"><span style="color: black;"> </span></code><code class="western"><span style="color: black;"> </span></code><code class="western"><span style="color: #ff3366;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"> </span></span></code></span><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><code class="western"><span style="color: #ff3366;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;">2.6.38-13-generic</span></span></code><code class="western"><span style="color: #ff3366;"> </span></code><code class="ctl"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"> </span></span></code></span><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><code class="ctl"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"> මේ මගේ </span></span></code><code class="western"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;">computer </span></span></code><code class="ctl"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;">එකේ තියෙන කර්නල් එකේ </span></span></code><code class="western"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;">version </span></span></code><code class="ctl"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;">එක ඊළගට තියෙන්නෙ මේ කර්නල් </span></span></code><code class="western"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;">version </span></span></code><code class="ctl"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;">එකට අදාල </span></span></code><code class="western"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;">wireless driver </span></span></code><code class="ctl"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;">එක </span></span></code><code class="western"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;">download </span></span></code><code class="ctl"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;">කරගන්න</span></span></code><code class="western"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;">. </span></span></code><code class="ctl"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;">ඒකට මෙන්න මේ </span></span></code><code class="western"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;">website </span></span></code><code class="ctl"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;">එකට යන්න</span></span></code><code class="western"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;">.</span></span></code><code class="western"><a href="http://linuxwireless.org/en/users/Download/stable/"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;">http://linuxwireless.org/en/users/Download/stable/</span></span></a></code><code class="ctl"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;"> </span></span></code></span><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><code class="ctl"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;">මෙතන තියෙන වගු වලින් තමන්ගෙ කර්නල් එකට ගැලපෙන </span></span></code><code class="western"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;">file </span></span></code><code class="ctl"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;">එක </span></span></code><code class="western"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;">download </span></span></code><code class="ctl"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Lohit Hindi;">කරගන්න </span></span></code></span><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><br /><!-- @page { margin: 0.79in } TD P { margin-bottom: 0in } P { margin-bottom: 0.08in } H2 { margin-bottom: 0.08in } H2.cjk { font-family: "Nimbus Sans L" } H2.ctl { font-family: "Lohit Hindi" } A:link { so-language: zxx } --><span style="font-size: large;">compat-wireless 2.6.38 stablereleases</span><br /><br /></p><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a name="line-54" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8990362700235836508"></a><a name="line-53" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8990362700235836508"></a>------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span></div><table style="width: 665px;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><colgroup> <col width="146"></col> <col width="314"></col> <col width="35"></col> <col width="154"></col> </colgroup> <tbody><tr><td style="border: medium none; padding: 0in;" width="146"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>Kernel release</strong></span><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></td><td style="border: medium none; padding: 0in;" width="314"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>sha1sum</strong></span><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></td><td style="border: medium none; padding: 0in;" width="35"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>size</strong></span><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></td><td style="border: medium none; padding: 0in;" width="154"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong><a href="http://linuxwireless.org/ChangeLog">ChangeLog</a>-wireless</strong></span><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></td></tr><tr><td style="border: medium none; padding: 0in;" width="146"><span style="font-size: large;"><a name="line-55" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8990362700235836508"></a></span><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.orbit-lab.org/kernel/compat-wireless-2.6-stable/v2.6.38/compat-wireless-2.6.38.2-2.tar.bz2">compat-wireless-2.6.38.2-2.tar.bz2</a></span><br /><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></td><td style="border: medium none; padding: 0in;" width="314"><span style="font-size: large;">07d1c99c5f9db3413c8ae8a58b8e9d57db78c576 </span></td><td style="border: medium none; padding: 0in;" width="35"><span style="font-size: large;">3.9 MB </span></td><td style="border: medium none; padding: 0in;" width="154"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.orbit-lab.org/kernel/compat-wireless-2.6-stable/v2.6.38/ChangeLog-2.6.38-wireless">ChangeLog-2.6.38-wireless</a></span><br /><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></td></tr><tr><td style="border: medium none; padding: 0in;" width="146"><span style="font-size: large;"><a name="line-56" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8990362700235836508"></a></span><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.orbit-lab.org/kernel/compat-wireless-2.6-stable/v2.6.38/compat-wireless-2.6.38.2-2-ns.tar.bz2">compat-wireless-2.6.38.2-2-ns.tar.bz2</a> </span></td><td style="border: medium none; padding: 0in;" width="314"><span style="font-size: large;">c0470b3cbb3d9b31a1d9a98ea82f4fe344c8ea59 </span></td><td style="border: medium none; padding: 0in;" width="35"><span style="font-size: large;">3.9 MB </span></td><td style="border: medium none; padding: 0in;" width="154"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.orbit-lab.org/kernel/compat-wireless-2.6-stable/v2.6.38/ChangeLog-2.6.38-wireless">ChangeLog-2.6.38-wireless</a> </span></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;"><span style="font-size: large;">-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;"><!-- @page { margin: 0.79in } TD P { margin-bottom: 0in } P { margin-bottom: 0.08in } A:link { so-language: zxx } --></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">මම</span><span style="font-size: large;">down </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">කරන්නෙමේක </span><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.orbit-lab.org/kernel/compat-wireless-2.6-stable/v2.6.38/compat-wireless-2.6.38.2-2.tar.bz2">compat-wireless-2.6.38.2-2.tar.bz2 </a> කියන එක </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">ඔයාලත්ගැලපෙන එක තෝරල </span><span style="font-size: large;">down</span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">කරන්න</span><span style="font-size: large;">.</span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">අපි දැන්හිතම </span><span style="font-size: large;">down </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">කරපුඑක තියෙන්නෙ ඔයාලගෙ කම්පියුටර්එකේ </span><span style="font-size: large;">Downloads </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">කියන</span><span style="font-size: large;">folder </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">එකේකියල ටර්මිනල් එකෙන් ඒ ෆොල්ඩර්එක ඇතුලට ගිහින් මෙන්න මේපියවරවල් ටික කරන්න</span><span style="font-size: large;">.</span></div><p><span style="font-size: large;">1. tar -xfcompat-wireless-2.6.38.2-2.tar.bz2 </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">මේකෙන්වෙන්නෙ </span><span style="font-size: large;">download </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">කරපු</span><span style="font-size: large;">file </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">එක</span><span style="font-size: large;">extract </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">කරනඑක </span><span style="font-size: large;">(</span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">මේකඒ </span><span style="font-size: large;">file </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">එකඋඩ </span><span style="font-size: large;">right click </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">කරලත්ලේසියෙන්ම කරන්න පුලුවන්</span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">) </span><br /><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">දැන්ඔයාලට ඒ </span><span style="font-size: large;">file </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">එකේනමින් </span><span style="font-size: large;">folder </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">එකක්දැකගන්න පුලුවන්</span><span style="font-size: large;">.</span><br /><br /></p><div style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;"><span style="font-size: large;"> 2. </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">දැන්ටර්මිනල් එකේ ආයෙ </span><span style="font-size: large;">cdcompat-wireless-2.6.38.2-2 </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">කියලටයිප් කරහම ඒ </span><span style="font-size: large;">folder </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">එකඇතුලට යනව</span><span style="font-size: large;">.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;"><span style="font-size: large;">3.</span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">දැන්</span><span style="font-size: large;">make </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">කියල</span><span style="font-size: large;">type </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">කරන්න</span><span style="font-size: large;">(</span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">මේකවෙන්න ටිකක් වෙලා යනව</span><span style="font-size: large;">)</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;"><span style="font-size: large;">4. sudo make install</span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">මගින් තමයි</span><span style="font-size: large;">driver </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">එක</span><span style="font-size: large;">install </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">වෙන්නෙමේක වෙන්නත් ටික කාලයක් ගතවෙනව</span><span style="font-size: large;">password </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">එකඉල්ලුවොත් ඒක ලබාදෙන්න</span><span style="font-size: large;">.</span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">සමගර තැන්වලදී </span><span style="font-size: large;">Y | N </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">කියලඅහනව ඒකට </span><span style="font-size: large;">y </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">කියල</span><span style="font-size: large;">type </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">කරල</span><span style="font-size: large;">enter </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">කරන්න</span><span style="font-size: large;">.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">සියලුදේහරියට උනා නම් මෙහෙම දකින්නලැබෙයි</span><span style="font-size: large;">.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hoAcT7AleC4/TwZYp5WCUCI/AAAAAAAAARc/BIZpar7sP2o/s1600/final.png"><img src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hoAcT7AleC4/TwZYp5WCUCI/AAAAAAAAARc/BIZpar7sP2o/s320/final.png" border="0" alt="" width="320" height="239" /></a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;"><span style="font-size: large;">5.</span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">දැන්අවසාන වශයෙන් </span><span style="font-size: large;">sudomake unload </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">කියලදෙන්න </span><span style="font-size: large;">load </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">උනසියලු කර්නල් </span><span style="font-size: large;">modulesunload </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">කරන්න</span><span style="font-size: large;">.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;"><span style="font-size: large;">6.</span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">දැන</span><span style="font-size: large;">computer </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">එක</span><span style="font-size: large;">reboot </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">කරන්න</span><span style="font-size: large;">.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-RyZzSptnuz4/TwZY6rrvaMI/AAAAAAAAARo/9bn3HQatv8I/s1600/menuList.png"><img src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-RyZzSptnuz4/TwZY6rrvaMI/AAAAAAAAARo/9bn3HQatv8I/s320/menuList.png" border="0" alt="" width="238" height="320" /></a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">මෙතනින්ගිහින් </span><span style="font-size: large;">wireless profile </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">එකක්ලේසියෙන්ම හදාගන්න පුලුවන්</span><span style="font-size: large;">security </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">කියනඑක </span><span style="font-size: large;">none </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">දුන්නාමලේසියන්ම අනිත් කම්පියුටර්එක්ක ලේසියෙන්ම </span><span style="font-size: large;">share</span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;">කරගන්නපුලුවන්</span><span style="font-size: large;">.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-YAvQ-rJJCK8/TwZZCD9juGI/AAAAAAAAARw/wSUoYftuBVs/s1600/dual.png"><img src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-YAvQ-rJJCK8/TwZZCD9juGI/AAAAAAAAARw/wSUoYftuBVs/s320/dual.png" border="0" alt="" width="320" height="214" /></a></div>The Stunnyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02660646168756320662noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8990362700235836508.post-7830118836606467402012-01-02T22:27:00.000+05:302022-01-06T14:56:01.324+05:30ලිනක්ස් Shell Programming පාඩම-කොටස 09<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Iz_VGqpaBuU/To0DRaWTaeI/AAAAAAAAAJs/vO9O76NcBZg/s1600/shellTutorial.jpe" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Iz_VGqpaBuU/To0DRaWTaeI/AAAAAAAAAJs/vO9O76NcBZg/s400/shellTutorial.jpe" width="400" /></a></div>
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<ol start="16">
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Shell </b></span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans; font-size: large;"><b>ගණිත
කර්ම</b></span></div>
</li>
</ol>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">අපි
දැන් බලමු කොහොමද මේ </span>shell
Programming <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">වලදි ගණිත කර්ම
වැඩ කරගන්නෙ කියල </span>. +,-,*,/,% <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">වගේ
වැඩ වලට එකම වගේ ක්රමයක් තමයි
තියෙන්නෙ දැන් බලන්නෙකො ඒක</span>.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
expr <span style="color: #00ae00;">value1</span>
<span style="color: #b80047;">math-operator</span> value2</div>
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<br /></div>
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</div>
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<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">උදා</span>-
expr 5 + 6</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
operator <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">එක
දෙපැත්තෙ මේවගේ </span>space <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">දෙකක්
තියෙන්න ඕන නැත්තම් වැරදියි</span>. </div>
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<br /></div>
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5 + 6 </div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">අනිත්
හැම එකක්ම වගේ ඔහොම තමයි</span>.<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">බලන්නකො
උදාහරණ ටික</span>.</div>
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<br />
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
1<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">එකතු
කිරීම</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
expr 12 + 3
</div>
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</div>
<ol start="0"><ol start="2">
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">අඩු
කිරීම</span></div>
<ol><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
expr 6 – 1</div>
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</li>
</ol>
</ol>
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</div>
<ol start="0"><ol start="3">
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">බෙදීම</span></div>
<ol><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
expr 10 / 2</div>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</ol>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<ol start="0"><ol start="4">
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">ප්රතිශත</span></div>
<ol><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
expr 20 % 3</div>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</ol>
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<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">මේකෙ
උත්තරය </span>2 <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">එහෙම
වෙන්නෙ විස්ස </span>3<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">න්
බෙදුවහම </span>18 <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">ඉතුරු
</span>2. </div>
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</div>
<ol start="0"><ol start="5">
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">වැඩි
කිරීම</span></div>
<ol><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">මෙතනදි
නම් පෙඩි වෙනසක් තියෙනව අපි
සාමාන්යයෙන් වැඩි කරනකොට
භාවිතා කරන්නෙ </span>* <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">ලකුණනෙ
ඒත් </span>shell Programming <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">වලදි
වැඩි කිරීම් සදහා භාවිතා
කරන්නෙ </span>\* <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">කියන
ලකුණ </span>.</div>
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</li>
</ol>
</ol>
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expr 2 \* 4
</div>
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echo <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">එකත්
එක්ක බලමු දැන්</span>.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">මෙන්න
මෙහෙම ලිව්වහම මොකක් වෙයි ද
</span>?</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
echo “expr 6 + 2”</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
echo 'expr 6 + 2'</div>
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</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">කරල
බලන්න වැඩ කරන්නෙ නම් නෑ</span>.
<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">ඒත් මෙහෙම කරොත්
නම් හරි </span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
echo `expr 6 + 2 `</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">මොකද්ද
වෙනස සමහර විට එක පාරටම පේන
එකක් නෑ </span>expr 6 + 2 <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">දෙපැත්තෙ
තියෙන්නෙ </span>Single quotes (' ') <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">නෙවෙයි</span>.
Back quote (` ` ) <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">කියන ජාතිය</span>.(<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">ඒව
තියෙන්නෙ </span>keybord <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">එකේ
</span>escape key <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">එකට පහලින්
</span>tab key <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">එකට උඩින් </span>~
<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">තියෙන </span>key <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">එකේ</span>) </div>
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<b>
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<ol start="17">
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Quotes <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">පිළිබඳ</span></b></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<ol><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
quotes <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">ඒ
කියන්නෙ මෙන්න මේව </span><b>" ,
' , ` </b><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">ගැන තමයි දැන
අපි කතා කරන්න හදන්නෙ</span><b>.</b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Double Quotes (“ ” ) - “My
name is kamal” </b>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
double quotes <span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">ඇතුලෙ
ලියන ඒව ගැන කිව්වොත් කම්පුටරේ
ඒව තේරුම් ගන්නෙ අර්ථයක් නැති
දෙයක් විදියට</span>.<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">ඒවයින්
ප්රෝග්රෑම් එකට කිසිම
බලපෑමක් වෙන්නෙ නෑ</span>.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<ol><ol><ol start="2">
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Single quotes(' ') - 'My name
is kamal</b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b> </b><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">මේකත්
කලින් එක වගේ තමයි</span>.</div>
</li>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<ol><ol><ol start="3">
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Back quote (` `) - “Date is
`date` ”</b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b> </b><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">මේව
ඇතුලෙ ලියන්නෙ </span></span><span style="font-weight: normal;">execute
</span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">වෙන
</span></span><span style="font-weight: normal;">commands </span>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;">උදාහරණ
</span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
echo “i have a
computer”</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
echo 'my name is
mad'</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
echo “this
months calendar `cal` ”</div>
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<h1 class="western" style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><b>18.The
read Statement</b></span></span></h1>
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<span style="font-size: small;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;"><span style="font-size: small;">අපි
කම්පියුටර් එකේ කීබෝඩ් එකෙන්
ඇතුලත් කරන දත්තයක් වේරියබල්
එකකට </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">save </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;"><span style="font-size: small;">කර
ගන්න විදිය තමයි දැන් බලන්නෙ</span></span><span style="font-size: small;">.
</span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;"><span style="font-size: small;">ඔයාලත් එහෙම
අවස්ථා දැකල ඇති </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">terminal
</span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;"><span style="font-size: small;">එක </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">use
</span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;"><span style="font-size: small;">කරනකොට </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">user
name , password </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;"><span style="font-size: small;">ඇතුලු
කරන්න තියෙන අවස්තාවත් මෙහෙම
එකක්</span></span><span style="font-size: small;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;"><span style="font-size: small;">මුලුන්ම
මේ පොඩි වැඩේ කරල බලන්න</span></span><span style="font-size: small;">.</span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;"><span style="font-size: small;">ටර්මිනල්
එකේ මෙහෙම ටයිප් කරල </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">enter
key </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;"><span style="font-size: small;">එක ඔබන්න</span></span><span style="font-size: small;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"> read myinput</span></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pnWKzCA3uoM/TwHhhyUSy-I/AAAAAAAAAQ0/9gUsojnFDQA/s1600/Screenshot.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="210" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pnWKzCA3uoM/TwHhhyUSy-I/AAAAAAAAAQ0/9gUsojnFDQA/s320/Screenshot.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;"><span style="font-size: small;">ඔයාලට
පේනව නේද කර්සර් එක බිලින්ක්
වෙවී තියෙනව කියල ඊලඟට මොකක්
හරි වචනයක් </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">type </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;"><span style="font-size: small;">කරල
එන්ටර් කරහම සුපුරුදු විදියට
කර්සර් එක එනව</span></span><span style="font-size: small;">. </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;"><span style="font-size: small;">දැන්
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;">echo command </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;"><span style="font-size: small;">එක
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;">use </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;"><span style="font-size: small;">කරල
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;">myinput </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;"><span style="font-size: small;">කියන
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;">UDV </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;"><span style="font-size: small;">එක
ප්රින්ට් කරල බලන්න එතකොට
ඔයාට දකින්න ලැබෙයි ඔයා ඉන්පුට්
කරපු අගය තමයි ආයෙ ප්රින්ට්
වෙලා තියෙන්නෙ කියල</span></span><span style="font-size: small;">.
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<span style="font-size: small;"> Read </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;"><span style="font-size: small;">කියන
එකෙන් තමයි මේ ඉන්පුට් කරන
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;">values </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;"><span style="font-size: small;">අල්ලගන්නෙ
අපි දැන් මේ සම්බන්ධයෙන් පොඩි
උදාහරණයක් බලමු</span></span><span style="font-size: small;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;"><span style="font-size: small;">ඔයාලත්
මේ </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">shell script </span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;"><span style="font-size: small;">එක
ලියල රන් කරල බලන්න</span></span><span style="font-size: small;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">####################################################
</span>
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<span style="font-size: small;">$ gedit my </span>
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<span style="font-size: small;"># </span>
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<span style="font-size: small;"># Hi this is my input
test Programm </span>
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<span style="font-size: small;"># </span>
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<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;">clear </span>
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<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;">echo "Please Enter
Your Name" </span>
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<span style="font-size: small;">read myinput </span>
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<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;">echo " your input
is :-$myinput" </span>
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<br /><br />
</div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">###################################################</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">2.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">####################################################
</span>
</div>
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<br /><br />
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;">$ gedit my </span>
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<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"># </span>
</div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"># Hi this is my Simple
calculator </span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"># </span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;">clear </span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;">echo "Please Enter
Your First Value" </span>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;">read myinput1 </span>
</div>
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<br /><br />
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;">echo "Please Enter
Your second Value" </span>
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<span style="font-size: small;">read myinput2 </span>
</div>
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<br /><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">echo "your Total
Value is ` expr $myinput1 + $myinput2 `" </span>
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</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<br /><br />
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;">###################################################</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;"><span style="font-size: small;">මතකනෙ
මේව රන් කරන්න කලින් </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">chmod
</span><span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans;"><span style="font-size: small;">වලින් මොඩ්
කරල ඉන්න ඔන හරිද </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">?</span></div>
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<br /></div>The Stunnyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02660646168756320662noreply@blogger.com0